429 research outputs found
Data for: The non-democratic roots of mass education: Evidence from 200 years
No full textThis is an Annotation for Transparent Inquiry (ATI) data project. The annotated article can be viewed on the publisher's website.
Project Summary
This project assesses the impact of democratization on primary school enrollment rates using quantitative data from 1820 to 2010 to estimate difference-in-differences and interrupted time series models of the impact of democratization. It finds that, on average, there is little evidence to support the claim that democratization led to the expansion of primary schooling. The study then unpacks this average result to explain what lies behind the null effect. It finds that democracy can lead to the expansion of primary schooling, but the key condition under which it does—when a majority of the population lacked access to primary schooling before democratization—rarely holds. Indeed, the study documents that, among countries that experienced democratization, the average primary school enrollment rate was already 70% before transitioning to democracy. Although the project does not seek to provide a conclusive answer to why there was so much provision of primary education under non-democracies, the section titled “Primary School Systems Under Non-Democracies” explores several possible answers to help readers entertain the possibility that the provision of primary education may have been high under non-democracies—because this is a counterintuitive finding given the previous literature in political science and economics. With that modest goal in mind, this section surveys existing research in history, sociology, political science, and economics to parse out four common arguments for the provision of primary schooling under non-democratic regimes; provides exploratory quantitative tests for these arguments; and, using online annotations, provides qualitative evidence that illustrates these arguments.
Data Generation and Analysis
The gathering of qualitative evidence focused on either the founding period of primary education systems or the period of fastest expansion of primary schooling in six non-democratic regimes chosen to have variation across space and over time: Prussia (1750s and 1760s), France (1830s), Chile (1860s), Argentina (1880s), USSR (1930s), and China (1950s). For each case, the author gathered primary and secondary sources in English, Spanish, or French that provided evidence about the rationales used by non-democratic regimes to expand access to primary education. On average five sources per country were analyzed, including: speech transcripts by presidents, ministers of education, and congressmen from parliamentary debates; newspaper and magazines articles, letters, books, memoirs, and other documents written by politicians who participated in education debates; reports written by official government missions from foreign countries that traveled to learn about the selected education systems; official education laws and regulations; books and PhD dissertations specializing on the history of education of these cases. All sources analyzed were obtained from Stanford Libraries, UCSD Libraries, HathiTrust, the Biblioteca Nacional del Maestro in Argentina, or the Biblioteca Nacional de Chile. Language limitations implied a greater ability to consult primary sources from Argentina, Chile, and France than from Prussia, the USSR, and China, where reliance on secondary sources was greater.
For each source, the author extracted citations that provided evidence of the rationales espoused by non-democratic regimes to provide primary education. Each citation was classified using a common coding scheme based on the type of argument being made for the provision of primary education: molding political values and behaviors, industrialization, military strength, promoting the social mobility of the lower classes, responding to parental demand, staying in vogue with global ideas, or other reasons. A set of 45 citations (out of 150) were identified as “strong” evidence for three types of common arguments for primary education provision under non-democratic regimes: molding political values and behaviors, industrialization, and military strength. The other theorized arguments appeared less often and either lacked strong evidence in the sampled sources (staying in vogue with global ideas, promoting social mobility) or had strong evidence against them (responding to parental demand).
Logic of Annotation
Online annotations were used to illustrate those arguments for which strong qualitative evidence was found. The citations included in the annotations were chosen so as to provide as clear an illustration of a theoretical argument as possible within a relatively short amount of space (i.e., without requiring readers to read an entire book or parliamentary debate transcript). Analytic notes were used in almost all annotations to offer additional context about a source and its author, and to specify the interpretations made from a citation or set of citations.</p
AGUSTINA BESSA-LUÍS E O BRASIL: DIÁRIO DE VIAGEM
No full textAgustina Bessa-Luís e o Brasil: diário de viagem. Este trabalho analisa Breviário
do Brasil (1991), relato que é fruto de viagem empreendida ao Brasil em 1988, por
ocasião do ciclo Os portugueses ao encontro da sua história. O trabalho aborda o
gênero do relato de viagens no contexto da prolífera obra da autora e suas impressões no
contexto do tema do simpósio, a saber: relações luso-brasileiras: entre o ressentimento e
o fascínio.
Abstract
Agustina Bessa-Luís and Brazil: dairy of a journey. This article analyses Breviário
do Brasil (Brazilian Breviary) (1991), book that is the result of a trip of the author to
Brazil in 1998, by the occasion of the cycle The Portugueses meet their history. The
analyses studies the genre of traveling report within the large work of Agustina Bessa-
Luís and her impressions of Brazil within the context of the theme of this symposium,
resentment and fascination
The form and use of everyday streets
No full textEveryday streets facilitate various activities and movements, both indoors and outdoors. The second section of this book addresses the following question: What is the relationship between the urban form of everyday streets and the activities that occur on them?Urban Desig
Introduction to Everyday Streets
No full textEveryday streets are both the most used and the most undervalued of cities’ public spaces. They constitute the inclusive backbone of urban life – the chief civic amenity – though they are challenged by optimisation processes. Everyday streets are as profuse, rich and complex as the people who use them; they are places of social aggregation, bringing together those belonging to different classes, genders, ages, ethnicities and nationalities. They comprise not just the familiar outdoor spaces that we use to move and interact and the facades that are commonly viewed as their primary component but also urban blocks, interiors, depths...Urban Desig
É A PAULA QUE ESTÁ A DIZER ISTO OU SOU EU?: AS MENINAS, DE AGUSTINA BESSA-LUÍS & PAULA REGO
No full textEste trabalho analisa a obra As meninas (2001), álbum de pinturas de Paula Rego e texto de Agustina Bessa-Luís. Embora imagens e texto formem um todo, é sobre o texto que a análise incide. No conjunto da obra de Agustina, esse trabalho se insere em duas categorias: a das biografias e a das obras iconográficas (fotografias, pinturas) comentadas, interpretadas ou acompanhadas de palavras da autora. É como registo biográfico peculiar que o texto vai interessar, pois as pinturas da série As meninas são lidas como índices de certos biografemas de Paula Rego e comparados com autobiografemas.IS IT PAULA WHO IS SAYING SO, OR MYSELF?: AGUSTINA BESSA-LUÍS & PAULA REGO’S AS MENINASThis paper analyses As Meninas (2001), a collection of paintings by PaulaRego with a text by Agustina Bessa-Luís. Although the text and the paintings form a whole, the analysis will be focused on the text. This text can be placed into two different categories of Agustina\u27s work: that of biographies and that of iconographic works commented upon orillustrated by the author (photographies, paintings). The text is interesting when analysed from biographical point of view, as the paitings of the As meninas series can be analysed as discreet elements of Paula Rego\u27s biography and compared to discreet elements of Agustina Bessa-Luís´ autobiography.
PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN KAKAO DIKECAMATAN LEMBAH SEULAWAH KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR
No full textAndriani Iskandar dengan judul skripsi "Prospek Pengembangan Tanaman Kakao di Kecamatan Lembah Seulawah Kabupaten Aceh Besar", dengan pembimbing utama Bapak Ir. M. Nassir Hawy, M.S dan pembimbing Kedua fbu Agustina Arida,, SP. M.Si.Adapun permasalah yang terdapat dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah usahatani kakao yang diusahakan oleh petani ditinjau dari aspek finansial layak diusahakan di Kecamatan Lembah Seulawah Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Lembah Seulawah Kabupaten Aceh BesarAdapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelayakan usahatani kakao yang diusahakan oleh petani ditinjau dari aspek finansiaJ di Kecamatan Lembah Seulawah Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey, hal ini disebabkan jumlah petani kakao sangat terbatas jumlahnya. Metode pengambilan sampel petani kakao dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pengambilan contoh sederhana (Simple Random5Sampling). Adapun besarnya populasi petani kakao di desa sampel yaitu 244 petani dan besar sampel 20%.Berdasarkan hasil analisa menunjukan bahwa tanaman kakao layak untuk dijalankan. Hal ini disebabkan nilai NPV > 0, yaitu Rp.31.431.722 yang berarti penerimaan yang diterima lebih besar dari biaya yang dikeluarkan Net B/C> I, Rp.1,39 yang berarti setiap penambahan biaya Rp.I,- akan memberikan hasil sebesar Rp.1,39,- IRR adalah sebesar 22,944% per tahun. Sedangkan BEP tanaman kakao terjadi pada umur 11 tahun 4 bulan.Hasil analisis sensitivitas menunjukan nilai NPV> 0 (untuk Manfaat turun I 0% Rp.20.708.094,-, dan biaya naik I 0% Rp.17.564.922-, Net 8/C > I (untuk manfaat turun 10% sebesar Rp.1,23, dan biaya naik 10% Rp.1,22), IRR > tingkat suku bunga yang berlaku (18%) yaitu pada manfaat turun 10% adalah 21,07% dan biaya naik I 0% adalah 20,87% per tahun dan BEP umur ekonomis proyek pada manfaat turun 10% yaitu pada umur 13 tahun 10 Bulan Serta pada biaya naik 10% pada umur 14 tahun 3 bulan
Pengembangan Paket Bimbingnan Pranikah untuk Mahasiswa Bimbingan dan Konseling
No full textPengembangan ini berawal dari kurangnya informasi mengenai bimbingan pranikah yang dialami oleh mahasiswa Bimbingan dan Konseling Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Bimbingan pranikah sangat dibutuhkan di dalam perguruan tinggi karena bimbingan pranikah masuk kedalam standart kompetensi BK di perguruan tinggi pada point ke sebelas. Berawal dari permasalahan tersebut perlu adanya sebuah paket yang dapat digunakan oleh mahasiswa guna memperoleh informasi mengenai bimbingan pranikah.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan R&D (Research and development) atau penelitian pengembangan, yang menghasilkan suatu produk dengan mengadaptasi metode dari Borg & Gall yang disederhanakan oelh Tim Pulitjaknov. Penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah peket bimbingan pranikah sehingga dapat digunakan oleh mahasiswa Bimbingan dan Konseling. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat sebuah paket bimbingan pranikah yang memenuhi kriteria akseptabillitas (Committee, Joint : 1991).
Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari validasi menunjukkan bahwa paket bimbingan pranikah untuk Ahli Materi I menunjukan prosentase 94,25%, Ahli Materi II menunjukan prosentase 89,5% sehingga rata-rata yaang diperoleh dari uji Ahli Materi adalah 91,86%, sehingga termasuk dalam kriteria kelayakan dengan predikat sangat layak dan tidak perlu direvisi. Selain itu, Ahli Media menunjukan prosentase kelayakan 86,7% sehingga termasuk dalam kriteria kelayakan dengan predikat sangat layak dan tidak perlu direvisi dan Calon Pengguna I menunjukan prosentase 17,6%, Calon Pengguna II menunjukan proentase 96,8%, Calon Pengguna III menunjukan prosentase 97,6%, dan Calon Pengguna IV menunjukan prosentase 96,8% sehingga rata-rata nilai dari Calon Pengguna adalah 91,9 %. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa paket bimbingan pranikah memenuhi kriteria akseptabilitas dan layak untuk diberikan kepada mahasiswa Bimbingan dan Konseling.
Kata Kunci : Pengembangan, paket, bimbingan pranika
Agustina Bessa-Luís e as mulheres
No full textThe central character of the novelist's work is Quina, the Sibyl, who gave the title to the emblematic novel A Sibila (1954) and which accompanies the work as a reference. From there, I propose to examine how Agustina Bessa-Luís stages a fictional universe built around female characters and in which romance, biography and autobiography interact. Rejecting the feminist label, the novelist creates her mythical world of sisterhood, whose protagonists assert themselves in opposition to the phallocentric society in which they evolve. This world is also inhabited by strange creatures in becoming to whom the author confers the magical power of expression, combining metamorphosis in multiple aspects. To do so, she bases her speech on an ekphrastic symbiosis with several Portuguese plastic artists. From there, I will analyze a vision of the human linked to new currents of thought, such as queer, care or eco-ethics and/or eco-poetics, which will lead me to look for new critical approaches.A personagem central da obra da romancista é a de Quina, a Sibila que deu o título ao romance emblemático A Sibila (1954) e que fica como referência ao longo da obra. A partir daí, este artigo examina como Agustina Bessa-Luís encena um universo ficcional construído à volta das personagens femininas e no qual interagem romance, biografia e autobiografia. Repudiando a etiqueta de feminista, a romancista cria o seu mundo mítico de sororidade, cujas protagonistas se afirmam contrariando a sociedade falocêntrica na qual evoluem. Este mundo é também habitado por estranhas criaturas em devir que conjugam a metamorfose sob múltiplos aspetos e a quem a autora confere o poder mágico da expressão. Neste sentido, ela alicerça o seu discurso numa simbiose ekfrástica com várias artistas plásticas portuguesas. A partir daí, analisarei uma visão do humano religada a correntes de pensamento novadoras, como o queer, o care ou a eco-ética e/ou eco-poética, o que me levará a procurar novas aborgagens críticas
Aliran Jaringan Komunikasi Balai Pengembangan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini dan Pendidikan Masyarakat di Sumatera Utara
No full textTujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis proses komunikasi, bentuk serta
penggunaan komunikasi dalam aliran jaringan komunikasi di Balai
Pengembangan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini dan Pendidikan Masyarakat di
Sumatera Utara. Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan
melakukan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi
dan metode dokumenter. Subjek penelitian diperoleh 8 (delapan) informan yang
terdiri dari unsur Pimpinan dan staf BP-PAUD dan Dikmas Sumut yang paling
terpengaruh dengan adanya reorganisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
proses komunikasi dalam aliran jaringan komunikasi meliputi komunikasi satu
arah dan dua arah yang meliputi unsur komunikasi seperti komunikator, encoding,
pesan, media, decoding, komunikan, respon, timbal balik, dan noise (hambatan).
Bentuk komunikasi dalam aliran jaringan komunikasi jalur (path) adalah
komunikasi vertikal khususnya komunikasi dari atas (pimpinan) ke bawahan yang
digunakan dalam instruksi tugas. Bentuk komunikasi dalam aliran jaringan
komunikasi jejak (trail) adalah komunikasi vertikal dari khususnya dari atas ke
bawah, komunikasi horizontal sesama pegawai, komunikasi lintas saluran yang
digunakan dalam menyebarkan pesan kepada khalayak dalam media yang sama.
Bentuk komunikasi dalam aliran jaringan komunikasi jalan (walk) digunakan di
hampir seluruh komunikasi yang menimbulkan timbal balik dua arah komunikasi.300 HalamanTesis Magiste
Uriel da Costa : reescrita de Agustina Bessa Luís
No full textIn this article, the author analyses the way in which Carolina Michaelis approaches the biography of the Oporto Jew Uriel da Costa, using style which is at oncc precise, but which curiously does not scorn fabrication, even if she States it openly, as in the case of iconic representation. This discourse, often modalized by dubitative expressions, led Agustina Bessa Luís, in a novel written sixty years later (in 1984), Um Bicho da Terra, to rework the figure of the figure of the tormented thinker and to transform him into a typical character of her novelistic gallery. This article studies this difference in perspective, thereby demonstrating the undeniable differences and the no less important similarities
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