1,720,999 research outputs found
5% LIDOCAINE TRANSDERMAL PATCH AND 5% LIDOCAINE CREAM: A PK/PD APPROACH IN THE HORSE
No full textTransdermal absorption of four lidocaine (L) patches 5% was compared to the transdermal absorption of
L cream 5% to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the two formulations applied on the same anatomical region
under dressing in eight horses. The animals were also assessed for the adequacy of analgesia after patches and
cream removal, using a psychophysical method by pricking the patient?s skin to assess the response to pain
according to a visual analogue scale.
Horses were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: in groups I and II four L patches were applied
for a period of 24 hours with and without alcohol pre-cleaning respectively; in group III, 5% L cream was
applied every two hours over a period of 24 hours on the same anatomical site. Group IV was the control. No
clinical side effects were noted with both formulations. L was detectable in plasma within 6 and 24 hours after
patch application and the highest plasma concentrations were reached between 12 and 18 hours. The use of
alcohol to pre-clean the skin appeared to reduce the transdermal drug absorption over time. The plasma drug
level, after L cream application, reached the highest plasma concentration after 24 hours. Pain assessment
after L patch or L cream application, revealed a decreased response when the L cream was used. The result of
this study shows that there is an overall lower absorption from the L patches compared with the L cream in
horses. Also the L cream treatment reduces significantly the intensity of pain quality as measured by the
visual analogue scale
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Implicazioni fisiologiche e valutazioni anestesiologiche in corso di laparoscopia nel cane
No full textMethadone and Dexmedetomidine combination as premedicant for ovariectomy and orchiectomy in cat
No full textThe aim of the study was to evaluate sedation level and analgesic efficacy produced by the association of
methadone 0.5 mg/kg and dexmedetomidine 5 mcg/kg for neutering surgery in cats.
Thirty client‐owned cats (8 males and 22 females) anaesthetised for elective neutering surgery, considered
healthy on the basis of clinical exam and haematological tests, were enrolled in the study. Cats were
premedicated with dexmedetomidine 5 mcg/kg and methadone 0.5 mg/kg administered intramuscularly.
Cats were then induced with propofol, intubated and maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. Time to
reach the sedative effects wasregistered as well as the following clinical parameters: heart rate (HR),
systolic arterial pressure, using the doppler technique (SAP), respiration rate (RR), end tidal CO2 (EtCO2),
haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2), temperature (T°) and end tidal isoflurane percentage (EtIso). All the
parameters were recorded every five minutes until the end of anaesthesia. Three different simple
descriptive four points scales were used to evaluate the degree of sedation after premedication, the
catheter placement and the quality of recovery after general anaesthesia (Bortolami et.al 2011), starting
from 0 (no sedation, difficult catheter placement, poor recovery) to 3 (profound sedation, very easy
catheter placement, excellent recovery).
Mean time to reach the maximum sedation level was 4 ± 5 minutes; median sedation score resulted 2 (0‐3),
median catheter placement score was 3 (0‐3) and median recovery quality score was 3 (0‐3). Mean dosage
of propofol for intubation resulted 1.6 ± 1 mg/kg. EtIso during the surgery variated from 0.83 to 1.4 %. Nine
of the 30 cats (30%) in the study required fentanyl rescue analgesia during the surgery; one cat received
dopamine infusion as hypotension treatment; 6 cats received assisted mechanical ventilation and 1 cat
received controlled mechanical ventilation.
The association of dexmedetomidine 5 mcg/kg and methadone 0.5 mg/kg resulted in an overall good
quality sedation with some exception: in fact 3 cats presented a poor sedation score (0‐1), nevertheless the
score for the catheter placement was always 2 or more. The onset of the sedation was quite fast and the
association of drugs resulted in propofol dose‐sparing effect. A high percentage of patients required rescue
pain management during surgery showing inadequate analgesia in those cases.
In conclusion premedication with methadone 0.5 mg/kg and dexmedetomidine 5 mcg/kg given
intramuscularly, resulted in a good combination drug protocol which allow to handle cats easily and the use
of low‐dose propofol for anaesthesia induction; however the analgesia obtained was not always adequate
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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