1,721,001 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Prevalenza e fattori predittivi di disabilita’ nella fase acuta post-chirurgia mammaria.
No full textINTRODUZIONE
Nelle donne affette da Carcinoma mammario sono descritte molteplici complicanze post-chirurgiche, conseguenti sia alla menomazione strutturale resa necessaria dall’asportazione della neoplasia, sia alla compromissione funzionale emergente da un ridotto uso dell’arto superiore omolaterale all’intervento. Benché si ipotizzi un ruolo per la riabilitazione precoce nel prevenire e limitare l’insorgenza di dolore, linfedema, limitazione articolare di spalla e ipostenia dell’arto superiore, gli studi primari sull’argomento sono scarsi. Questa indagine si propone di valutare la prevalenza di complicanze del trattamento chirurgico della mammella a breve termine, identificarne i fattori predittivi al fine di indirizzare le scelte terapeutiche più appropriate.
MATERIALI E METODI
1209 soggetti sottoposti ad intervento chirurgico per patologia oncologica mammaria presso la Chirurgia Senologica degli Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona da Gennaio 2004 a Giugno 2012 hanno partecipato ad uno studio osservazionale che prevedeva una fase trasversale di raccolta delle caratteristiche clinico/funzionali e demografiche e una fase prospettica di analisi delle complicanze ad un mese.
Sono stati misurati: il ROM della spalla durante i movimenti di elevazione, abduzione, extra- ed intra-rotazione, la circonferenza del braccio e dell’avambraccio (rispettivamente a 10 cm dall’olecrano), il dolore tramite la scala NRS; sono stati inoltre ricercati eventuali deficit stenici e sensitivi e monitorata la ferita chirurgica. Tutte le valutazioni sono state condotte in prima giornata post-operatoria (T1) e a distanza di 30 giorni dall’intervento (T30).
RISULTATI
L’età media delle pazienti è di 56,2 ± 12 anni (range 28-87 anni). Il 70.5% delle pazienti ha subito una quadrantectomia, il 18,3% una mastectomia radicale, l’11,1 % una mastectomia non radicale. In media la mastectomia radicale viene proposta a donne di età significativamente più avanzata (62 vs 55 anni) rispetto alla quadrantectomia. Nel 71,9% dei casi è stata eseguita una linfadenectomia totale e l’indicazione a questo intervento è diminuita significativamente nel corso degli anni (91% dei casi nel 2004-2005 vs 62 % casi nel 2011-2012). L’impianto di protesi viene effettuato nel 21% dei casi ed in donne in media 7 anni più giovani rispetto alle altre (51 vs 58 anni). Nella maggior parte dei casi l’intervento chirurgico è unilaterale senza differenza significativa di lato (dx 48.7%, sn 47.5%, bilaterale 3.8%).
Al T1 si rilevano: dolore alla spalla omolaterale (41%); ipo/anestesia (19.3%); limitazione ROM spalla elevazione (56,8%); limitazione ROM spalla abduzione (60,5%), limitazione ROM spalla extra-intrarotazione (27%); incrementi volumetrici arto superiore (9,6%).
Al T30 sono stati valutati 124 soggetti con caratteristiche sovrapponibili alla popolazione di provenienza. Il dolore rappresenta la complicanza più frequente (62% dei casi) e risulta indipendente dalla presenza di dolore in acuto. La limitazione del ROM della spalla è presente nel 39% ed il posizionamento del drenaggio in acuto rappresenta l’unico fattore predisponente (69% vs 33%, Chisquare 9,0; p-value: ,002). Ricorrono inoltre disturbi della sensibilità (ipo-anestesia -50%- e disestesie/parestesie-14%), aderenze cicatriziali (32%), linfosclerosi (24%); quest’ultima complicanza appare indipendente dall’età, dal tipo di intervento e dalla linfadenectomia. Sono stati inoltre rilevati: reazioni cicatriziali/cheloidi (11%), contratture muscolari (9%), linfedema (6%) ed altro (10%, tra cui depressione e neuropatia).
CONCLUSIONI
Le pazienti sottoposti ad intervento chirurgico per carcinoma della mammella sono soggette a numerose complicanze post-chirurgiche, indipendentemente dall’età e dal tipo di intervento. L’identificazione precoce delle alterazioni clinico-funzionali da parte di un team esperto può consentire di applicare un programma riabilitativo dedicato che favorisca il recupero e prevenga danni permanenti
Rehabilitation and COVID-19: Update of the rapid living systematic review by cochrane rehabilitation field as of April 30, 2021
No full textAxial symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease: comparative effect of three different rehabilitation approaches for gait and balance impairment.
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Rehabilitation and COVID-19: The Cochrane Rehabilitation 2020 rapid living systematic review. Update as of July 31st, 2020
No full textINTRODUCTION: This paper is the first update of the second edition of the rapid living systematic review on the latest scientific literature informing rehabilitation of patients with COVID-19 and/or describing consequences of the disease and its treatment, as they relate to limitations in functioning of rehabilitation interest. The aim of this study was to report data of a systematic search performed on papers published in July 2020. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The methodology described in the second edition of the rapid living systematic review was applied to search eligible papers included in the databases between July 1, 2020 and July 31, 2020. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Eight-hundred-ninety-two papers were identified through database searching (after removal of duplicates); of these, only 23 studies were included. According to OCEBM 2011 Levels of Evidence Table, they were level 3 in 30.5% cases and level 4 in 69.5%. No RCT was found. Nineteen papers studied COVID-19 patients, assessed in the acute (10 studies), post-acute (8 studies) and chronic phase (one study). Four studies reported data on the impact of COVID-19 on subjects with pre-existing health conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The current literature production still focuses more on describing all the possible aspects and complications of the pathology than on interventions or new organization models to deal with it. Albeit evidence on handling COVID-19 from a rehabilitative point of view is improving each month, further studies are still mandatory to report the role of rehabilitation in this scenario
Pain processing in functional and idiopathic dystonia: An exploratory study
No full textBackground: Pain is often experienced by patients with functional dystonia and idiopathic cervical dystonia and is likely to be determined by different neural mechanisms. Objective: In this exploratory study, we tested the sensory-discriminative and cognitive-emotional component of pain in patients with functional and idiopathic dystonia. Methods: Ten patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia, 12 patients with functional dystonia, and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent psychophysical testing of tactile and pain thresholds and pain tolerance. We delivered electrical pulses of increasing intensity to the index finger of each hand and the halluces of each foot. Pain threshold and pain tolerance were respectively defined as the (1) intensity at which sensation changed from unpainful to faintly painful and (2) intensity at which painful sensation was intolerable. Results: No differences were found between the three groups for tactile and pain thresholds assessed in hands and feet. Pain tolerance was significantly increased in all body regions only in functional dystonia. Patients with continuous functional dystonia had higher pain tolerance compared to subjects with paroxysmal functional dystonia and idiopathic cervical dystonia. There was no correlation between pain tolerance and pain scores, depression, anxiety, disease duration, and motor disability in both groups. Conclusions: Patients with functional dystonia have a dissociation between the sensory-discriminative and cognitive-emotional components of pain, as revealed by normal pain thresholds and increased pain tolerance. Abnormal connectivity between the motor and limbic systems might account for abnormal pain processing in functional dystonia. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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