88 research outputs found
RDA17 Plenary session: Lightning Talks, "Lessons from working with sensitive data..."
No full textThese slides were used at the RDA 17 Plenary Session titled "Establishing a Sensitive Data Interest Group" (https://www.rd-alliance.org/plenaries/rda-17th-plenary-meeting-edinburgh-virtual/establishing-sensitive-data-interest-group). This session was run by the newly formed (yet to be endorsed) RDA Sensitive Data Interest Group (https://www.rd-alliance.org/groups/sensitive-data-interest-group). The RDA 17 Plenary was held from April 19 - 23, 2021 (https://www.rd-alliance.org/rdas-17th-plenary-meeting-programme).
This record contains the slides for the lightening talk "Lessons from working with sensitive data..." presented by Amy Pienta
The Enduring Value of Social Science Research: The Use and Reuse of Primary Research Data
No full textThis paper was presented at “The Organisation, Economics and Policy of Scientific Research” workshop, Torino, Italy, in April, 2010. See: http://www.carloalberto.org/files/brick_dime_strike_workshopagenda_april2010.pdf.The public-use data analyzed in this paper: Pienta, Amy M., and Jared Lyle. Data Sharing in the Social Sciences, 2009 [United States] Public Use Data. ICPSR29941-v1. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2016-12-15. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR29941.v1The goal of this paper is to examine the extent to which social science research data are shared and assess whether data sharing affects research productivity tied to the research data themselves. We construct a database from administrative records containing information about thousands of social science studies that have been conducted over the last 40 years. Included in the database are descriptions of social science data collections funded by the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health. A survey of the principal investigators of a subset of these social science awards was also conducted. We report that very few social science data collections are preserved and disseminated by an archive or institutional repository. Informal sharing of data in the social sciences is much more common. The main analysis examines publication metrics that can be tied to the research data collected with NSF and NIH funding – total publications, primary publications (including PI), and secondary publications (non-research team). Multivariate models of count of publications suggest that data sharing, especially sharing data through an archive, leads to many more times the publications than not sharing data. This finding is robust even when the models are adjusted for PI characteristics, grant award features, and institutional characteristics.National Library of Medicine (R01 LM009765). The creation of the LEADS database was also supported by the following research projects at ICPSR: P01 HD045753, U24 HD048404, and P30 AG004590.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78307/1/pienta_alter_lyle_100331.pdf-
Gender role attitudes and father practices as predictors of nonresident father-child contact
No full textDue to an increasing number of parental union dissolutions, a growing number of fathers does not cohabit with their biological children. This article analyses individual and societal gender role attitudes as well as societal father practices as determinants of nonresident father-child contact. Previous research shows that individual-level factors influence the relationship between nonresident fathers and their children. Research on resident fathers indicates that individual attitudes and societal contexts affect father-child involvement. Little is known on the relationship between individual gender role attitudes as well as societal gender role attitudes and father practices and nonresident fathers’ involvement in their children’s lives. To shed more light thereon, we examine data from eleven Eastern and Western European countries from the first wave of the Gender and Generations Survey. We analyze two samples: One consisting of nonresident fathers of children aged 0 to 13 and one of fathers of adolescents aged 14 to 17. Logistic regression models assess if individual
and societal gender role attitudes as well as societal father practices predict the probability of monthly father-child contact. Contact between nonresident fathers is affected by different factors depending on whether the focus is on children or adolescents. Societal gender role
attitudes and societal father practices predict the probability of monthly contact between fathers and their children; individual gender role attitudes are less important. Individual gender role attitudes, on the other hand, predict the probability of monthly contact between nonresident fathers and their adolescent children; societal factors matter less for this age group
Evolution of cooperation among tumor cells
No full textThe evolution of cooperation has a well established theoretical framework based on game theory. This approach has made valuable contributions to a wide variety of disciplines, including political science, economics, and evolutionary biology. Existing cancer theory suggests that individual clones of cancer cells evolve independently from one another, acquiring all of the genetic traits or hallmarks necessary to form a malignant tumor. It is also now recognized that tumors are heterotypic, with cancer cells interacting with normal stromal cells within the issue microenvironment, including endothelial, stromal, and nerve cells. This tumor cell???stromal cell interaction in itself is a form of commensalism, because it has been demonstrated that these nonmalignant cells support and even enable tumor growth. Here, we add to this theory by regarding tumor cells as game players whose interactions help to determine their Darwinian fitness. We marshal evidence that tumor cells overcome certain host defenses by means of diffusible products. Our original contribution is to raise the possibility that two nearby cells can protect each other from a set of host defenses that neither could survive alone. Cooperation can evolve as byproduct mutualism among genetically diverse tumor cells. Our hypothesis supplements, but does not supplant, the traditional view of carcinogenesis in which one clonal population of cells develops all of the necessary genetic traits independently to form a tumor. Cooperation through the sharing of diffusible products raises new questions about tumorigenesis and has implications for understanding observed phenomena, designing new experiments, and developing new therapeutic approaches.Author manuscript. Published in final edited form as: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 September 5; 103(36): 13474-13479.The final published version of this article is located at: www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0606053103NIH U56 CA113004; to David E. AxelrodR.A. was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant SES-0240852. D.E.A. was supported by NSF Grant IIS-0312953, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant U56 CA113004, and New Jersey Commission on Cancer Research Grant 1076-CCR-SO. K.J.P. is an American Cancer Society Clinical Research Professor and is supported by NIH Grants CA69568, CA102872, and CA093900.NIH CA69568; to Kenneth J. PientaNIH CA102872; to Kenneth J. PientaNIH CA093900; to Kenneth J. PientaNSF SES-0240852; to Robert AxelrodNJ Commission on Cancer Research 1076-CCR-SO; to David E. AxelrodAlso available in PubMed Central. PMCID: PMC155738
The Inter‐University Consortium For Political And Social Research
No full textPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87008/1/j.1360-0443.2011.03564.x.pd
Aging in Three Countries: A New Data Resource for Comparative Retirement Research
No full textThe Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is an ongoing longitudinal study that began in 1992 and documents the changing social, economic, health, and psychological experiences of men and women, aged 50+.nbsp; Since 1992, there have been sister survey data collection efforts in other countries undertaken so that the data might be compared with the United States and with each other.nbsp; ICPSR has begun a pilot project to demonstrate the feasibility of organizing, harmonizing, and presenting these data in a way that facilitates research and demonstrates the extent to which the data are comparable (or not).nbsp; Metadata from the HRS, the English Longitudinal Study on Aging, and the Mexican Health and Aging Study are combined into an interactive tool for researchers.nbsp; Results of the harmonization and this tool will be demonstrated
IRB Issues and Archival Data: From Data Deposit to Data Use
No full textIRB issues as they relate to archival data are quite wide-ranging. This presentation will describe the importance of understanding the IRB process with respect to archiving and use of secondary research data. IRB often provide oversight of data archiving plans and informed consent statements may prohibit public archiving of data. ICPSR will present examples of informed consents that should and should not be used when a researcher intends to provide long-term access to data through a data archive. With respect to use of secondary data, some IRBs in the U.S. recognize publicly archived data as being exempt from IRB review when secondary analysis is proposed. The University of Michigan recently instituted a process of adding public-use data to a list of pre-approved data that do not need IRB-clearance prior to analysis. These examples will be discussed in this presentation
Ecological therapy for cancer: Defining tumors utilizing an ecosystem paradigm suggests new opportunities for novel cancer treatments
No full textWe propose that there is an opportunity to devise new cancer therapies based on the recognition that tumors have properties of ecological systems. Traditionally, localized treatment has targeted the cancer cells directly by removing them (surgery) or killing them (chemotherapy and radiation). These modes of therapy have not always been effective because many tumors recur after these therapies, either because not all of the cells are killed (local recurrence) or because the cancer cells had already escaped the primary tumor environment (distant recurrence). There has been an increasing recognition that the tumor microenvironment contains host noncancer cells in addition to cancer cells, interacting in a dynamic fashion over time. The cancer cells compete and/or cooperate with nontumor cells, and the cancer cells may compete and/or cooperate with each other. It has been demonstrated that these interactions can alter the genotype and phenotype of the host cells as well as the cancer cells. The interaction of these cancer and host cells to remodel the normal host organ microenvironment may best be conceptualized as an evolving ecosystem. In classic terms, an ecosystem describes the physical and biological components of an environment in relation to each other as a unit. Here, we review some properties of tumor microenvironments and ecological systems and indicate similarities between them. We propose that describing tumors as ecological systems defines new opportunities for novel cancer therapies and use the development of prostate cancer metastases as an example.We refer to this as “ecological therapy” for cancer
Retirement in the 1950s:
No full textIn 2010, ICPSR began a long process of recovering data from Gordon Streib’s Cornell Study of Occupational Retirement (CSOR). Because the unique data fill a gap in our understanding of US retirement history, we determined that an extensive data recovery project was warranted. This paper describes the scope of the data collection and the steps in ICPSR’s recovery process. Though the data recovery was ultimately successful, this paper documents the amount of time invested and costs associated with this kind of recovery work. It also highlights the value of these data for future research in understanding gender and retirement in a historic context. In addition to the resulting publicly available data arising from this project, extensive paper medical records are housed at ICPSR for on-site analysis or for a future digitization project. These data would provide unique health information on older women and men traced over a period of time in the 1950s and represents future work for ICPSR to undertake.</jats:p
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