1,721,121 research outputs found
REM Sleep and Endothermy: Potential Sites and Mechanism of a Reciprocal Interference
Full text linkNumerous data show a reciprocal interaction between REM sleep and thermoregulation. During REM sleep, the function of thermoregulation appears to be impaired; from the other hand, the tonic activation of thermogenesis, such as during cold exposure, suppresses REM sleep occurrence. Recently, both the central neural network controlling REM sleep and the central neural network controlling thermoregulation have been progressively unraveled. Thermoregulation was shown to be controlled by a central "core" circuit, responsible for the maintenance of body temperature, modulated by a set of accessory areas. REM sleep was suggested to be controlled by a group of hypothalamic neurons overlooking at the REM sleep generating circuits within the brainstem. The two networks overlap in a few areas, and in this review, we will suggest that in such overlap may reside the explanation of the reciprocal interaction between REM sleep and thermoregulation. Considering the peculiar modulation of thermoregulation by REM sleep the result of their coincidental evolution, REM sleep may therefore be seen as a period of transient heterothermy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Neurogenic Fever after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Animal Models: A Systematic Review
Full text linkThe observation of neurogenic fever resulting from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in
animal models is a useful tool for the interpretation of its pathophysiology in humans, which is still a
major challenge in the management of neurocritical patients. This systematic review aims to identify
the prognostic factors and pathophysiological elements that determine the onset of neurogenic fever
and its severity in animal models. In addition, our study aims to analyze which pharmacological
treatments are most effective. All the articles available in Pubmed, Embase, and the Biological
Science Collection until August 2021 concerning in vivo experimental studies on SAH animal models,
including full texts and abstracts written in English and Italian, were considered. The risk of bias
was assessed with SYRCLE’s Risk of Bias tool. In total, 81 records were retrieved; after excluding
duplicates, 76 records were potentially relevant. A total of 64 articles was excluded after title and
abstract screening. The remaining 12 studies were evaluated as full texts, and 6 other studies were
excluded (SAH-induced animal studies without a body temperature assessment). In one study,
body temperature was measured after SAH induction, but the authors did not report temperature
recording. Therefore, only five studies met the search criteria. The high methodological heterogeneity
(different animal species, different temperature measurement methods, and different methods of
the induction of bleeding) prevented meta-analysis. Synthesis methodology without meta-analysis
(SWiM) was used for data analysis. The total number of animals used as controls was 87 (23 rabbits,
32 mice, and 32 rats), while there were 130 animals used as interventions (54 rabbits, 44 mice, and
32 rats). The presence of blood in the subarachnoid space, particularly red blood cells, is responsible
for neurogenic fever; the role of hemoglobin is unclear. The mechanism is apparently not mediated
by prostaglandins. The autonomic nervous system innervating brown adipose tissue is undoubtedly
implicated in the onset of neurogenic fever. The activation of the central adenosine-1 receptor is
effective in controlling the temperature of animals with neurogenic fever (by inhibiting thermogenesis
of brown adipose tissue)
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Provocative motion causes fall in brain temperature and affects sleep in rats
No full textNeural substrate of nausea is poorly understood, contrasting the wealth of knowledge about the emetic reflex. One of the reasons for this knowledge deficit is limited number and face validity of animal models of nausea. Our aim was to search for new physiological correlates of nausea in rats. Specifically, we addressed the question whether provocative motion (40-min rotation at 0.5 Hz) affects sleep architecture, brain temperature, heart rate (HR) and arterial pressure. Six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were instrumented for recordings of EEG, nuchal electromyographic, hypothalamic temperature and arterial pressure. Provocative motion had the following effects: (1) total abolition of REM sleep during rotation and its substantial reduction during the first hour post-rotation (from 20 ± 3 to 5 ± 1.5 %); (2) reduction in NREM sleep, both during rotation (from 57 ± 6 to 19 ± 5 %) and during the first hour post-rotation (from 56 ± 3 to 41 ± 9 %); (3) fall in the brain temperature (from 37.1 ± 0.1 to 36.0 ± 0.1 °C); and (4) reduction in HR (from 375 ± 6 to 327 ± 7 bpm); arterial pressure was not affected. Ondansetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, had no major effect on all observed parameters during both baseline and provocative motion. We conclude that in rats, provocative motion causes prolonged arousing effects, however without evidence of sympathetic activation that usually accompanies heightened arousal. Motion-induced fall in the brain temperature complements and extends our previous observations in rats and suggests that similar to humans, provocative motion triggers coordinated thermoregulatory response, leading to hypothermia in this species
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