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Essays in empirical microeconomics
Full text linkDefence date: 19 December 2022Examining board: Prof. Michele Belot, (Cornell University, supervisor); Prof. Andrea Ichino, (EUI, co-supervisor); Prof. Manuel Bagues, (Warwick University); Prof. Joan Costa-i-Font, (LSE)This thesis is composed of three independent chapters in applied microeconomics. The first chapter studies the effect of interest groups on legislative voting. Using the alphabetic allocation of seats in the European Parliament, we show that former employees of interest groups influence the voting behavior of their colleagues when sitting together. When the subject of the vote is relevant to the interest group, the probability that nearby colleagues cast the same ballot increases by 2.4 percent, and that of abstention decreases by 9 percent, while no effect is detected for other vote subjects. These probabilities increase for votes about budgetary allocations, being comparable to those of sitting beside motion leaders. Revolving doors are problematic for the political process also when working in reverse.The second chapter studies gender differences in early occupational choices: Empirical evidence shows that men and women hold different types of occupations. It is however difficult to disentangle the channels via which these differences come about because observed equilibrium outcomes arise from preferences of agents on both sides of the market, and search and matching frictions. This paper relies on a unique labour market setting allowing us to isolate the supply side factors driving gender-based occupational segregation. We find that supply-side factors are important. Female and male medical students facing the same choice set make drastically different occupational decisions, even at the top of the performance distribution. Women prefer occupations characterised by lower expected earnings and time requirements, less competition, and a higher social contribution. We also find evidence suggesting that when constrained in their choices, women have a stronger preference for the location in which they are going to live compared to their male counterparts. The third chapter studies the causal effects of welfare benefits supporting parents with low birth weight newborns on their subsequent fertility and the mother’s labor market decision. I exploit the discontinuities in the eligibility criteria that entitles parents of newborns with birth weights below certain thresholds to receive monetary payments to devote themselves to the care of their newborn child, fully funded social security contributions and information courses. Using Spanish birth register data, I find that these welfare benefits impacted both the extensive and intensive margin of the fertility decision of low socioeconomic households. Mothers in these households who have a newborn with a birth weight right below 1100 grams are on average 6 percentage points (19 percent) more likely to have a subsequent child compared to similar mothers with newborns right above that threshold. This effect is mostly coming from young mothers for whom the benefits are also found to substantially reduce the time to have the subsequent child. These mothers are also found to be 16 percentage points (27 percent) more likely to hold a job at the time of their subsequent birth. These effects are presumably coming through the increase in available resources that low socioeconomic status households can dedicate towards the care of their extremely low birth weight newborns
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Indicators to measure education and training outcomes in the context of the European Social Fund funded interventions.
Full text linkArticle 4 of the ESF+ regulation describe the specific objectives that are to be supported by the fund. Some of them relate specifically to policies in the field of education covering all phases of the educational cycle, from early childhood education, to adult learning. They also cover several spheres related to education: the relevance of the educational system for the labour market, including specific skills such as entrepreneurial and digital skills and new skills required by new labour market needs; the issue of equity in access to quality education, specifically mentioning disadvantaged groups and persons with disability.
This document aims to provide a list of outcomes that can be utilized to measure the effectiveness of interventions aiming to achieve these specific objectives.JRC.S.3 - Science for Modelling, Monitoring and Evaluatio
Gender Differences in Early Occupational Choices: Evidence from Medical Specialty Selection
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Gender Differences in Early Occupational Choices: Evidence from Medical Specialty Selection
No full textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe
Gender differences in early occupational choices : evidence from medical specialty selection
Full text linkEmpirical evidence shows that men and women hold different types of occupations. It is however difficult to disentangle the channels via which these differences come about because observed equilibrium outcomes arise from preferences of agents on both sides of the market, and from search and matching frictions. This paper relies on a unique labour market setting allowing to isolate the supply side factors driving gender-based occupational segregation. We find that female and male medical students facing the same pool of available positions make drastically different occupational decisions. Women prefer occupations characterised by lower expected earnings and time requirements, less competition, and a higher social contribution. Using individual data containing both revealed and stated preferences for residency positions, we find evidence suggesting that when constrained in their choices, women have a stronger preference for the location in which they are going to live than their male counterparts
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The effect of online learning on students' academic performance in Italy
Full text linkThis study identifies the academic effects of online learning mandates on high-school students separately from the overall effect of the pandemic. We exploit exogenous variation in 2020/2021 Italian schooling mandates that imposed online learning on upper secondary school students while preserving in-person teaching for lower grades. Relying on students’ performance on standardised tests, we implemented a matched difference-in-difference strategy comparing grade 13 and grade 8 students before and after the introduction of the online learning mandates. We find that, on average, students who were subject to online learning in the 2020/2021 school year (i.e. grade 13 students) performed 0.25 and 0.15 standard deviations worse in reading and mathematics, respectively, than those who were taught in person (i.e. grade 8 students). The learning loss associated with online learning in 2021 is equivalent to around 75 % of the expected yearly learning gain in reading, and around 45 % in mathematics. The losses registered by the subsequent cohorts are very similar to those of 2021. This suggests that, even 1 or 2 years after being exposed to online learning, students are still suffering from the associated learning losses.JRC.S.3 - Science for Modelling, Monitoring and Evaluatio
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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