8 research outputs found
PENGARUH BIAYA SALES EKSEKUTIF TERHADAP VOLUME PENJUALAN PADA PT. SURACOJAYA ABADI MOTOR MAKASSAR
No full textRyan Alfaro Amaia, dengan judul ???Pengaruh Sales Eksekutif terhadap Volume \ud
Penjualan pada PT. Suracojaya Abadi Motor Makassar???. Di dalam penyusunan \ud
skripsi ini penulis di bawah bimbingan Ibu Prof. Dr. Hj. Siti Haerani, SE., M.Si \ud
selaku dosen pembimbing I dan Bapak Drs. Mukhtar, M.Si selaku dosen \ud
pembimbing II. \ud
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh biaya \ud
sales Eksekutif terhadap volume penjualan motor pada PT. Suracojaya Abadi \ud
Motor Makassar. \ud
Penelitian dilaksanakan di PT Suracojaya Abadi Motor Makassar. Model \ud
penelitian yang digunakan yakni dengan Metode Pengumpulan Data melalui \ud
penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan yang dilakukan secara sistematik \ud
berdasarkan tujuan penelitian. \ud
Metode analisis yang digunakan untuk memecahkan permasalahan dan \ud
membuktikan hipotesis adalah dengan Analisis Deskriptif, Analisis Regresi, \ud
kemudian menggunakan perhitungan Korelasi untuk mengetahui seberapa besar \ud
pengaruh dan signifikansi sales Eksekutif terhadap peningkatan volume penjualan \ud
motor Makassar. \ud
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sales Eksekutif memiliki pengaruh \ud
positif terhadap perilaku konsumen dalam melakukan keputusan pembelian motor \ud
pada periode 5 (lima) tahun terakhir, yaitu dari tahun 2006 ??? 2010. PT Suracojaya \ud
Abadi Motor Makassar menggunakan kebijakan sales Eksekutif yang \ud
mengakibatkan volume penjualan perusahaan mengalami peningkatan. Dan untuk \ud
persamaan Regresi Y=4993,058 + 0,002X menunjukkan sales Eksekutif \ud
mempunyai pengaruh yang kuat terhadap volume penjualan. Dan juga diperoleh \ud
nilai Korelasi (r) sebesar 0,996 atau mendekati 1, berarti menunjukkan keyakinan mutlak bagi perusahaan bahwa antara sales Eksekutif dan penjualan yang \ud
dilakukan terdapat hubungan yang kuat dan searah. Untuk Koefisien Determinasi \ud
(R\ud
2\ud
) 0,993 artinya model regresi mempunyai kekuatan, prediksi 99,3%.Ryan Alfaro Amaia, entitled "Effect of Volume Sales Executive Sales at PT. \ud
Suracojaya Abadi Motor Makassar ". In the preparation of this thesis the author \ud
under the guidance of Mrs. Prof. Dr. Hj. Siti Haerani, SE., M.Si as supervisor I \ud
and Drs. Mukhtar, M.Si as the supervisor II. \ud
This study aims to determine how much influence the cost of sales \ud
executive to sales volume motor on PT. Suracojaya Abadi Motor Makassar. The \ud
experiment was conducted at PT Suracojaya Abadi Motor Makassar. \ud
The research model used in data collection methods through library \ud
research and field research conducted in a systematic way based on objective \ud
research. \ud
Analytical methods used to solve problems and prove a hypothesis is a \ud
descriptive analysis, regression analysis, then use the correlation calculation to \ud
determine how much influence and significance of sales executives to increase the \ud
sales volume of motorcycles Makassar. \ud
The results showed that the sales executive has a positive influence on \ud
consumer behavior in making purchasing decisions in the period of the motor 5 \ud
(five) years, ie from 2006 to 2010. Suracojaya PT Abadi Motor Sales Executive \ud
Makassar use policies that resulted in the company's sales volume has increased. \ud
And for the regression equation Y = 4993.058 + 0.002 X shows a sales executive \ud
has a strong influence on the volume of sales. And also obtained the value of \ud
correlation (r) of 0.996 or close to 1, indicating absolute confidence for the \ud
company that the sales executive and sales made there is a strong and direct. For \ud
the coefficient of determination (R2) 0.993 means that the regression model has \ud
the strength, the predicted 99.3%
Brennu-njáls saga: projeto tradutório e tradução para o português
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Florianópolis, 2014.A tese contém a tradução completa para o português da Brennu-Njáls saga (Saga de Njáll), obra islandesa anônima da segunda metade do séc. XIII, considerada a mais importante das sagas de islandeses (Íslendingasögur) e um dos expoentes da literatura escandinava medieval. Inicia-se com uma apresentação geral sobre a obra e seu contexto literário, salientando alguns aspectos relevantes de sua recepção moderna, e então, servindo-se de ideias de Lawrence Venuti e Antoine Berman, faz uma proposta de tradução estrangeirizante que almeja, por meio da escolha do texto-fonte e de estratégias tradutórias, desviar-se de algumas tendências constatáveis no contexto de recepção da tradução. Para tal, serve-se o tradutor da noção de horizonte de expectativa formulada por Hans Robert Jauss e da concepção de que o tradutor, além de mediador entre línguas e culturas, é também um autor cujo trabalho envolve elementos intuitivos e criativos. A exposição do projeto tradutório busca manifestar a posição tradutiva e o horizonte do tradutor, salientando a responsabilidade crítica envolvida no ato tradutório. A tradução estrangeirizante é aqui definida como tradução desviante de preconcepções correntes acerca da cultura-fonte e da literatura-fonte no contexto de recepção, de modo que a tática de tradução estrangeirizante coloca-se como uma estratégia de ação crítica na recepção de uma literatura estrangeira.Abstract : The thesis contains the complete translation into Portuguese of Brennu-Njáls saga (Njal?s saga), an anonymous Icelandic work from the second half of the 13th century and considered to be the most important of the sagas of Icelanders (Íslendingasögur) and one of the landmarks of Medieval Scandinavian Literature. It beggins with a general presentation of the work and its literary context, pointing out some relevant aspects of its modern reception, and then proposes a foreignizing translation, making use of Lawrence Venuti?s and Antoine Berman?s ideas. This translation aims, through the choice of the source-text and translation strategies, to deviate from some observable tendencies in the reception context for the translation. Thus, the translation employs the notion of ?horizon of expectation? formulated by Hans Robert Jauss. It also suggests that a translator, besides being a mediator between languages and cultures, is also an author whose work involves creative and intuitive elements. The exposition of the translation project aims to manifest the translator?s position and the translator?s horizon, pointing out the critical responsibility involved in the act of translating. Foreignizing translation is here defined as a translation that deviates from current preconceptions about the source-culture and the source-literature within the reception context, so that the tactics of the foreignizing translation may be seen as a critical action in the reception of a foreign literature
Testing a global standard for quantifying species recovery and assessing conservation impact
No full textRecognizing the imperative to evaluate species recovery and conservation impact, in 2012 the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) called for development of a “Green List of Species” (now the IUCN Green Status of Species). A draft Green Status framework for assessing species’ progress toward recovery, published in 2018, proposed 2 separate but interlinked components: a standardized method (i.e., measurement against benchmarks of species’ viability, functionality, and preimpact distribution) to determine current species recovery status (herein species recovery score) and application of that method to estimate past and potential future impacts of conservation based on 4 metrics (conservation legacy, conservation dependence, conservation gain, and recovery potential). We tested the framework with 181 species representing diverse taxa, life histories, biomes, and IUCN Red List categories (extinction risk). Based on the observed distribution of species’ recovery scores, we propose the following species recovery categories: fully recovered, slightly depleted, moderately depleted, largely depleted, critically depleted, extinct in the wild, and indeterminate. Fifty-nine percent of tested species were considered largely or critically depleted. Although there was a negative relationship between extinction risk and species recovery score, variation was considerable. Some species in lower risk categories were assessed as farther from recovery than those at higher risk. This emphasizes that species recovery is conceptually different from extinction risk and reinforces the utility of the IUCN Green Status of Species to more fully understand species conservation status. Although extinction risk did not predict conservation legacy, conservation dependence, or conservation gain, it was positively correlated with recovery potential. Only 1.7% of tested species were categorized as zero across all 4 of these conservation impact metrics, indicating that conservation has, or will, play a role in improving or maintaining species status for the vast majority of these species. Based on our results, we devised an updated assessment framework that introduces the option of using a dynamic baseline to assess future impacts of conservation over the short term to avoid misleading results which were generated in a small number of cases, and redefines short term as 10 years to better align with conservation planning. These changes are reflected in the IUCN Green Status of Species Standard.
Inclusive author list: Molly K. Grace • H. Resit Akçakaya • Elizabeth L. Bennett • Thomas M. Brooks • Anna Heath • Simon Hedges • Craig Hilton-Taylor • Michael Hoffmann • Axel Hochkirch • Richard Jenkins • David A. Keith • Barney Long • David P. Mallon • Erik Meijaard • E.J. Milner-Gulland • Jon Paul Rodriguez • P.J. Stephenson • Simon N. Stuart • Richard P. Young • Pablo Acebes • Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto • Silvia Alvarez-Clare • Raphali Rodlis Andriantsimanarilafy • Marina Arbetman • Claudio Azat • Gianluigi Bacchetta • Ruchi Badola • Luís M.D. Barcelos • Joao Pedro Barreiros • Sayanti Basak • Danielle J. Berger • Sabuj Bhattacharyya • Gilad Bino • Paulo A.V. Borges • Raoul K. Boughton • H. Jane Brockmann • Hannah L. Buckley • Ian J. Burfield • James Burton • Teresa Camacho-Badani • Luis Santiago Cano-Alonso • Ruth H. Carmichael • Christina Carrero • John P. Carroll • Giorgos Catsadorakis • David G. Chapple • Guillaume Chapron • Gawsia Wahidunnessa Chowdhury • Louw Claassens • Donatella Cogoni • Rochelle Constantine • Christie Anne Craig • Andrew A. Cunningham • Nishma Dahal • Jennifer C. Daltry • Goura Chandra Das • Niladri Dasgupta • Alexandra Davey • Katharine Davies • Pedro Develey • Vanitha Elangovan • David Fairclough • Mirko Di Febbraro • Giuseppe Fenu • Fernando Moreira Fernandes • Eduardo Pinheiro Fernandez • Brittany Finucci • Rita Földesi • Catherine M. Foley • Matthew Ford • Michael R.J. Forstner • Néstor García • Ricardo Garcia-Sandoval • Penny C. Gardner • Roberto Garibay-Orijel • Marites Gatan-Balbas • Irene Gauto • Mirza Ghazanfar Ullah Ghazi • Stephanie S. Godfrey • Matthew Gollock • Benito A. González • Tandora D. Grant • Thomas Gray • Andrew J. Gregory • Roy H.A. van Grunsven • Marieka Gryzenhout • Noelle C. Guernsey • Garima Gupta • Christina Hagen • Christian A. Hagen • Madison B. Hall • Eric Hallerman • Kelly Hare • Tom Hart • Ruston Hartdegen • Yvette Harvey-Brown • Richard Hatfield • Tahneal Hawke • Claudia Hermes • Rod Hitchmough • Pablo Melo Hoffmann • Charlie Howarth • Michael A. Hudson • Syed Ainul Hussain • Charlie Huveneers • Hélène Jacques • Dennis Jorgensen • Suyash Katdare • Lydia K.D. Katsis • Rahul Kaul • Boaz Kaunda-Arara • Lucy Keith-Diagne • Daniel T. Kraus • Thales Moreira de Lima • Ken Lindeman • Jean Linsky • Edward Louis Jr. • Anna Loy • Eimear Nic Lughadha • Jeffrey C. Mangel • Paul E. Marinari • Gabriel M. Martin • Gustavo Martinelli • Philip J.K. McGowan • Alistair McInnes • Eduardo Teles Barbosa Mendes • Michael J. Millard • Claire Mirande • Daniel Money • Joanne M. Monks • Carolina Laura Morales • Nazia Naoreen Mumu • Raquel Negrao • Anh Ha Nguyen • Md. Nazmul Hasan Niloy • Grant Leslie Norbury • Cale Nordmeyer • Darren Norris • Mark O’Brien • Gabriela Akemi Oda • Simone Orsenigo • Mark Evan Outerbridge • Stesha Pasachnik • Juan Carlos Pérez-Jiménez • Charlotte Pike • Fred Pilkington • Glenn Plumb • Rita de Cassia Quitete Portela • Ana Prohaska • Manuel G. Quintana • Eddie Fanantenana Rakotondrasoa • Dustin H. Ranglack • Hassan Rankou • Ajay Prakash Rawat • James Thomas Reardon • Marcelo Lopes Rheingantz • Stephen C. Richter • Malin C. Rivers • Luke Rollie Rogers • Patrícia da Rosa • Paul Rose • Emily Royer • Catherine Ryan • Yvonne J. Sadovy de Mitcheson • Lily Salmon • Carlos Henrique Salvador • Michael J. Samways • Tatiana Sanjuan • Amanda Souza • dos Santos • Hiroshi Sasaki • Emmanuel Schutz • Heather Ann Scott • Robert Michael Scott • Fabrizio Serena • Surya P. Sharma • John A. Shuey • Carlos Julio Polo Silva • John P. Simaika • David R. Smith • Julia L.Y. Spaet • Shanjida Sultana • Bibhab Kumar Talukdar • Vikash Tatayah • Philip Thomas • Angela Tringali • Hoang Trinh-Dinh • Chongpi Tuboi • Aftab Alam Usmani • Aída M. Vasco-Palacios • Jean-Christophe Vié • Jo Virens • Alan Walker • Bryan Wallace • Lauren J. Waller • Hongfeng Wang • Oliver R. Wearn • Merlijn van Weerd • Simon Weigmann • Daniel Willcox • John Woinarski • Jean W.H. Yong • Stuart Young
First-generation student transition to university: an exploratory study into the first-year experience of students attending University Kebangsaan Malaysia
No full textTransition is the movement, the passage of change from one role to another. This research offers an in-depth understanding of how the transition to university is experienced by first-generation students. To explore and understand the process of change underlying the transition process, this research uses qualitative research methods, semi-structured interviews and journal writing. Drawing from the data, a longitudinal case study followed the 16 students’ transition experiences for nine months, from the first semester to the end of the second semester of the first year. The research focused on three fundamental issues: higher education aspirations and decisions, the challenges encountered in the initial week of first year and the adjustment process, arguing that an understanding of these three aspects is necessary for a better understanding of the formation of learner identity. The research findings demonstrate that in the early weeks of university students experienced disjuncture between expectations held prior to commencing university and the reality they encounter. These phases are characterized as experiencing conflict with their new role and anxieties with their ability to manage the academic demands and expectations. Based on the evidence gathered, this is caused by inaccurate information they receive from third parties and during their prior educational experience. Early experience, whether positive or negative, is an important phase within this movement. Students become more active agents by being engaged and identifying difficulties and finding solutions. Student engagement both in class and out-of-class provides them with more accurate information on the knowledge and skills for their learning identity. Academic and non-academic support received both on and off campus comes from a range of sources including lecturers, peers and seniors, parents and family members, all of whom are identified as important contributors to the adjustment process of these first-generation students
Plants and wound healing in Uganda: A mixed methods study
No full textIn Uganda, many people rely on traditional healers and medicinal plants for their health needs including managing wounds. To date no studies have been published regarding the local Ugandan practice of the use of medicinal plants for wound healing. This study was undertaken to document Ugandan local knowledge of wound healing, the preparation, administration and identification of local medicinal plants.
The mixed methods study comprised three phases:
1. A literature review of the existing literature on plants and wound healing employing systematic techniques.
2. Fieldwork where forty consenting traditional practitioners and local knowledge experts in South Western Uganda were interviewed about their knowledge of wound healing and participated in quantitative surveys regarding medicinal plant use.
3. The interviews and surveys yielded knowledge of wound healing and a list of plants used from which three were selected for relevant phytochemical assays in the laboratory work phase.
The literature review found nine studies that reported on the use of medicinal plants for wound healing in Uganda. The interviews provided data which demonstrated that respondents possessed knowledge of the definition, classification, and diagnosis of wounds. The ethnobotanical survey revealed 38 plants as being important for treatment of wounds. The most represented families were Asteraceae (26.3%) and Solanaceae (15.8%); Bidens pilosa L, Musa paradisiaca L., solenostemon latifolius, Ageratum conyzoides L., Hoslundia opposita Vahl. and Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) Kuntze were the most widely used. Preliminary phytochemical screening confirmed the extraction efficiency through presence of polyphenol and flavonoid compounds and demonstrated antioxidant activity of the plant extract.
Ultimately, this thesis uses the mixed methods approach to gain a fuller and more complete understanding of the research questions. It also demonstrates evidence for the use of selected medicinal plants for wound healing in South Western Uganda and gives a description of the category of professionals involved in traditional medicine using medicinal plants
Artes de canto (1492-1626) y mujeres en la cultura musical del mundo ibérico renacentista
No full text[spa] Esta Tesis Doctoral explora la cultura musical del mundo ibérico renacentista a través del estudio de artes de canto en lengua vernácula impresas entre 1492 y 1626 y de su relación con las mujeres de la época. La Tesis consta de siete capítulos, estructurados en dos partes (Vol. I), y de veinte apéndices (Vol. II). La primera parte (Capítulos I al IV) muestra que las características por las que estos libros que contenían los rudimentos de la música han sido infravalorados hasta ahora por la historiografía musical son precisamente las mismas que demuestran que respondían a una necesidad pedagógica y a la demanda de manuales asequibles, breves y prácticos por parte de un amplio mercado. Las artes de canto se imprimieron en tiradas de miles de ejemplares y eran vendidas a bajo precio, tuvieron una enorme circulación en la Península Ibérica y el Nuevo Mundo, y contribuyeron al incremento y la difusión de la educación musical en contextos educativos diferenciados (la iglesia, la universidad y el ámbito privado), así como entre grupos sociales hasta entonces excluidos del aprendizaje de los fundamentos de la música. El Arte de canto llano (Sevilla, 1530) de Juan Martínez emerge como el tratado de música del mundo hispánico más difundido geográfica y cronológicamente en el siglo XVI e inicios del XVII, pero del que casi nada se sabía. En la segunda parte (Capítulos V al VII), las conexiones entre estos libros de música y mujeres muestran que las áreas de superposición entre lo privado y lo público y entre lo oral y lo escrito permiten desafiar la invisibilidad de las mujeres en documentos históricos y vislumbrar trazas no sólo de la cultura musical de las mujeres de la época, sino también de la importancia de la música en la vida cotidiana. Se utiliza una diversidad de fuentes (artes de canto, libros de conducta, documentos inquisitoriales, literatura, correspondencia e inventarios de bienes, entre otras), a través de las cuales se ha podido documentar la relación con la música de, entre otras, Catalina de Zúñiga, VI Condesa de Lemos, Isabel de Plazaola, e Isabel de Aragón, IV Duquesa del Infantado. Empleando metodologías de la musicología tradicional junto a otras tomadas de los historiadores del libro y de la cultura popular, esta Tesis Doctoral presenta una panorámica de la vida musical de la época a través del prisma de doble alteridad que supone el estudio de las artes de canto, generalmente consideradas carentes de interés, y de su relación con las mujeres, insuficientemente representadas en la historiografía musical.[eng] This dissertation explores the musical culture of the Renaissance Iberian world through both the study of small-format treatises in the vernacular containing the rudiments of music –known as artes de canto– printed between 1492 and 1626, and the nexuses between them and women. The dissertation consists of seven chapters, structured into two parts (Volume I), and twenty appendixes (Volume II). Part I (Chapters I to IV) shows that the arte de canto, until now generally overlooked or undervalued in music historiography, was produced in print runs of thousands of copies and sold for a low price; it had a broad circulation in the Iberian Peninsula and the New World, contributing to the spread of musical literacy in distinct didactic contexts (churches, universities, private settings) and among social groups until then excluded from learning the rudiments of music. The little known Juan Martínez’s Arte de canto llano (Seville, 1530) emerges as the most circulated music book in the Hispanic world during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The aim of Part II (Chapters V to VII) is to approach the musical life of the sixteenth-century Iberian world through the exploration of women’s contributions, thus broadening the field of historical research. The study of some connections between music books and women shows that the points of overlap between the private and the public spheres, on the one hand, and the written and the oral music transmission, on the other hand, not only make women’s musical practices visible, but also offer new vistas on the popular culture of the age. Through a variety of source materials (artes de canto, conduct manuals, Inquisition records, literature, letters and inventories of goods, among others) it has been possible to document the musical activities of women such as Catalina de Zúñiga, VI Countess of Lemos, Isabel de Plazaola, and Isabel de Aragón, IV Duchess of the Infantado. Combining methodologies from traditional musicology with those borrowed from book history and popular culture, this dissertation analyzes music in the culture of the Renaissance Iberian world through the prism of double Otherness involved in studying the ‘other’ music books –that is the undervalued artes de canto– and their connections to women of that period
Sexualidad y relaciones contemporáneas
No full textSe presentan los resultados de una investigación en la cual se sistematizaron los avances en la generación de nuevo conocimiento y producto del acompañamiento de proyectos de grado relacionados con la sexualidad y las relaciones contemporáneas, desarrollados por investigadores del grupo “Cultura, Educación y Sociedad” y sus redes de colaboración académica. Se implementó un proceso de sistematización, a partir del cual se identificaron las siguientes categorías: La primera, presenta la concepción actual sobre la sexualidad y la salud sexual, así como posturas relacionadas con la construcción psicosocial del género. La segunda, da cuenta de los estudios relacionados con la expresión de la sexualidad y el género en contextos de relación como la vida de pareja, el escenario organizacional y la vida comunitaria. En la tercera, se muestran las tendencias producto de los modelos de evaluación e intervención basados en evidencia para mitigar las problemáticas asociadas a las conductas sexuales de riesgo, la educación sexual en niños y adolescentes, el conflicto de pareja y la violencia de género. Se espera que el texto sirva para la fundamentación de los académicos interesados en esta área del conocimiento dada la relevancia que tienen las problemáticas asociadas a este tema en el territorio nacional.Sánchez Fuentes, María del MarGranados de Haro, María ReinaDe Las Nieves Moyano, MaríaSierra, Juan CarlosDe la Peña Leiva, Adriana-will be generated-orcid-0000-0001-8903-3826-600Cardozo Rusinque, AuraMartínez González, Marina B.Turizo Palencia, YamileMartínez Sande, PaolaCantillo Pacheco, KattiaGarcía-Roncallo, Paola-will be generated-orcid-0000-0002-9223-2129-600García Montaño, EileenQuiroz Molinares, NathaliaParra Fernández, MargelArenas Rivera, ClaudiaLay Raby, NelsonReyes Cervantes, ClaudiaPérez Corcho, María AngélicaPosso-Meza, Angie VanessaArias Preciado, Angélica MaríaPérez Pedraza, DianaMartínez Rudas, Milen
Efectos de lean manufacturing en el desempeño sostenible: un estudio empírico en la industria metalmecánica colombiana
No full textfiguras, tablasSustainability has become an outmost priority for manufacturing companies due to increasing pressure from multiple stakeholders. Employees, customers, and society in general, call for a reduction in the adverse effects on the environment and an improvement in social outcomes derived from industrial operations. At the same time, shareholders push for better economic and financial results in an overly competitive and globalized market, which requires continuous improvements to maintain a competitive edge. In this context, lean manufacturing has established itself as dominant paradigm in manufacturing operations, which allows companies to pursue improvements in several key competitive priorities such as, quality, flexibility, delivery time, and cost. However, concerns have been growing in the scientific community regarding how lean manufacturing implementation can effectively allow companies to achieve their sustainable development goals, or, in the contrary, if the resources required for a successful lean implementation can result in a detriment of environmental and social performance.
This doctoral thesis intends to help close the knowledge gap regarding the effects of lean manufacturing on sustainable performance from a triple bottom line perspective. Based on a careful review of the state-of-the-art literature, two models to describe the interaction between lean and sustainability were proposed. The first is called the “sand-cone” model, which poses that performance improvements derived from lean implementation are cumulative on each one of the sustainable performance dimensions. The proposed sequence starts with lean improving operational performance, which settle the bases and provide resources to drive performance improvements in the environmental dimension, which in turn, can materialize into social performance improvements. The second model is called the “trade-offs” approach. In this case, the resources required to improve one dimension of sustainability clash with the resources required to maintain another (or the other two), therefore, creating a detriment in performance.
To test the proposed hypotheses, data was gathered from a sample of Colombian metalworking companies and processed using structural equations models. The results presented evidence of lean manufacturing having positive effects on sustainable performance and also support the cumulative “sand-cone” model. In the case of the “trade-offs” model, conclusive evidence was not encountered. However, partial evidence suggests that when lean manufacturing is employed to simultaneously pursue improvements in all sustainability dimensions, possible trade-offs can occur in detriment of social performance. The results represent a novel theoretical and scientific contribution as they propose and test the two aforementioned models in the context of sustainability, providing further knowledge into its interaction with lean manufacturing. They also contribute to practitioners by providing a tested path for companies to improve their performance in a cumulative sequence that will provide better long-term results. Finally, Colombian companies and government organizations can profit from the results in order to promote successful lean manufacturing implementations that improve competitiveness, while improving also the sustainability of the metalworking productive chain. (Texto tomado de la fuente)La sostenibilidad se ha convertido en una prioridad para las compañías manufactureras a raíz de las crecientes presiones por parte de diferentes grupos de interés. Empleados, cliente, y la sociedad en general, claman la reducción de los efectos adversos en el medio ambiente y el mejoramiento de los resultados sociales derivados de la operación de las industrias. Al mismo tiempo, los accionistas presionan por mejores resultados económicos y financieros en un mercado altamente competitivo y globalizado, que requiere mejoras continuas para mantener la ventaja competitiva. En este contexto, lean Manufacturing se ha establecido como un paradigma dominante en operaciones manufactureras, permitiendo a las compañías perseguir mejoras en múltiples prioridades competitivas tales como, calidad, flexibilidad, tiempo de entrega, y costo. Sin embargo, han aumentado las preocupaciones en la comunidad científica frente a como la implementación de lean Manufacturing puede efectivamente permitir alcanzar los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible de las empresas, o, si por el contrario, los recursos requeridos para una implementación exitosa de lean puede resultar en el detrimento del desempeño social y ambiental.
Esta tesis doctoral pretende contribuir a cerrar el vacío del conocimiento acerca de los efectos de lean Manufacturing en el desempeño sostenible desde la óptica de la triple línea base. A partir de una cuidadosa revisión del estado del arte en la literatura, dos modelos para describir la interacción entre lean y sostenibilidad fueron planteados. El primero, llamado “cono de arena”, propone que las mejoras en desempeño derivadas de la implementación de lean Manufacturing son acumulativas en cada dimensión de desempeño sostenible. La secuencia propuesta comienza con lean mejorando el desempeño operativo, lo cual sienta las bases y provee los recursos para estimular mejoras en el desempeño de la dimensión ambiental, las cuales, pueden materializarse en mejoras del desempeño social. El segundo modelo, es llamado el enfoque de “compromisos”. En este caso, los recursos requeridos para mejorar una dimensión de sostenibilidad, riñen con los recursos requeridos para mantener otra (o las otras dos), creando entonces un detrimento en el desempeño.
Para probar las hipótesis propuestas, se recolectaron datos de una muestra de empresas metalmecánicas colombianas, los cuales fueron procesados usando modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados presentan evidencias de que lean Manufacturing tiene efectos positivos en el desempeño sostenible y adicionalmente soportan el modelo acumulativo del “cono de arena”. Para el caso del modelo de “compromisos” no se encontró evidencia concluyente. No obstante, la evidencia parcial sugiere que al emplear lean Manufacturing para perseguir simultáneamente mejoras en todas las dimensiones de sostenibilidad, existe la posibilidad de obtener compromisos que llevan al detrimento del desempeño social. Los resultados representan una novedosa contribución al ámbito teórico y científico al proponer y probar los dos modelos mencionados anteriormente en el contexto de la sostenibilidad, entregando conocimiento adicional respecto a su interacción con lean Manufacturing. También contribuyen a la práctica al proveer un camino probado para que las compañías puedan mejorar su desempeño en una secuencia acumulativa que entrega mejores resultados de largo plazo. Por último, las compañías colombianas y entidades gubernamentales pueden sacar provecho a los resultados para promover la implementación exitosa de lean Manufacturing e incrementar la competitividad, al mismo tiempo que se mejora la sostenibilidad de la cadena productiva metalmecánica.DoctoradoDoctor en Ingenierí
