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The grave slab of the so-called "Young Knight" by Francesco Laurana: knowledge and restoration
No full textA multi-analytical study of the precious icon “Virgin Hodegetria” (13th century) of the Monreale Cathedral (Palermo, Italy)
No full textThe icon Virgin Hodegetria (Fig. 1), now in Santa Maria Nuova Cathedral in Monreale near Palermo
(Italy), dates from the beginning of 13th century. Its probable date of execution makes it one of the earliest
example of mediaeval icon in Sicily. It has always been considered an icon of William II. The Virgin Hodegetria panel is distinguished from other southern icons by the strong Byzantine
matrix and by its size (169 x 131 x 3 cm). Since 2015, the icon is part of the Arab-Norman Palermo UNESCO
Heritage.
This paper will deal with historical and scientific investigations on the icon to better understand the
painting materials, the executive technique and to resolve question about on-going restoration in planning
a complex conservation project.
Examination of the icon was both non-invasive (IR false colour, IR b/w, UV fluorescence) and
micro-invasive (optical microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, μ-Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron
microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS)).
The executive technique appears to be similar to that used in 13th century according to Italian
painting tradition: Pieces of linen – impannatura – are present between the wooden support and the
gypsum/glue-based preparation layer, in agreement with Teofilo. A characteristic feature of the icon is the
use of pastiglia (pastework) to give a three-dimensional effect of some decorations. The underdrawing
includes the occurrence of dark grey accurate lines that seem to have been applied by brush. Silver leaf
was used as a background of the paintings without bole layer preparation. Mineral pigments (red and yellow
ochre, green earth), carbon and bone black, Cu-based pigments, ultramarine, azurite, indigo,
orpiment/realgar, lead white, vermillion were mixed with egg-tempera.
The presence of several not original paint layers, gilding and varnishes belonging to different
previous restorations required a conservation treatment able to give the correct iconography and the stylistic
specificities of the masterpiece of Monreale
Tracce di cultura devozionale spagnola nella Palermo del '600: Studio e Restauro
No full textOggetto di studio e restauro è una scultura lignea interamente dorata e dipinta, con funzione processionale, che raffigura la Madonna di Monserrato, il cui culto è collegato al noto Santuario annesso al Monastero dei Benedettini di Montserrat, vicino Barcellona. Di particolare interesse si è rivelato lo studio della tecnica esecutiva di quest’opera, anche perché la scultura lignea siciliana, in particolare quella eseguita dal Rinascimento al Barocco, è a tutt’oggi poco studiata, o comunque affrontata in maniera dispersiva e non sistematica .
La Madonna, frontale e assisa, ostende il Bambino Gesù adagiato tra le ginocchia e perfettamente contenuto entro la sua sagoma, riprendendo una specifica tipologia iconografica bizantina. L’opera non rivela aspetti puramente localistici e provinciali, ma pare essere frutto di una molteplicità di influenze, come è norma in ambito mediterraneo.
La statua è giunta a noi in un discreto stato di conservazione e il restauro si è svolto avendo riguardo di alcuni fondamentali criteri operativi del restauro scientifico e del minimo intervento. Le fasi del restauro sono state supportate da numerose indagini chimico-fisiche e biologiche dell’apparato scultoreo, eseguite su frammenti di materiale originale prelevati dalle lacune del manufatto.
I campioni sono stati sottoposti alle seguenti indagini:
• osservazioni al microscopio ottico (MO) in luce riflessa su sezioni lucide per identificare la stratigrafia e i materiali pittorici;
• osservazioni morfologiche su sezioni lucide mediante SEM e analisi in microsonda (EDS) per conoscere la composizione dei singoli strati pittorici;
• analisi in diffrattometria di raggi X (XRD) su polveri, per individuare la composizione mineralogica principale degli intonaci e degli strati pittorici;
• spettroscopia infrarossa in trasformata di Fourier (FT-IR) per la caratterizzazione degli intonaci e degli strati pittorici;
• spettrometria di massa di ioni secondari con analizzatore a tempo di volo (ToF-SIMS) per l’analisi elementare del materiale pittorico;
• indagini microscopiche (SEM), microbiologiche (colture in vitro) e molecolari (reazione a catena della polimerasi, PCR) per la valutazione del degrado biologico.
I risultati derivanti dall’applicazione coordinata dei metodi d’indagine scientifica hanno permesso di trarre utili informazioni sulle tecniche di esecuzione del supporto e della pellicola pittorica, nonché di chiarire gli aspetti relativi allo stato di conservazione.
Il fine dell’intervento di conservazione e restauro è stato quello di restituire una lettura corretta e coerente dell’opera, attraverso il recupero cromatico e strutturale che il manufatto possedeva originariamente.
Oggi la Madonna di Monserrato, esposta presso il Museo Diocesano di Palermo, riscopre la sua originaria bellezza grazie alla rimozione degli strati di sostanze filmogene e delle ridipinture successive, nel rispetto però delle antiche patine
Archaeometric research on the provenance of mediterranean phoenico-punic pottery from Othoca (Santa Giusta-OR): comparison between typological elements and analytical results
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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