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ANALISIS KANDUNGAN MANGAN PADA AIR SUNGAI TPA BAKUNG DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKOENZIM NANAS (Ananas comosus)
No full textABSTRAK
Air lindi yang keluar dari TPA Bakung langsung mengalir ke
sungai sehingga dapat membahayakan warga setempat. Air lindi
mengandung senyawa logam berat Mangan (Mn), BOD, dan COD.
Salah satu cara menanggulangi pencemaran tersebut adalah dengan
penambahan ekoenzim. Pada penelitian ini, jenis ekoenzim yang
digunakan berasal dari kulit nanas. Kulit nanas mengandung senyawa
flavonoid, tannin dan saponin yang dapat berpengaruh pada penurunan
Mangan (Mn), BOD dan COD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian
pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengambilan sampel sesuai
standar SNI 8995-2021 yaitu teknik pengambilan grab sampling (uji
sampel sesaat) dengan mengambil 3 titik lokasi berbeda dengan waktu
yang sama, kemudian dihomogenkan bersama ekoenzim. Pada stasiun
1 sebanyak 10% ekoenzim, stasiun 2 sebanyak 20%, stasiun 3 sebanyak
30% ekoenzim.
Sebelum dilakukan treatment, pada stasiun 1 kadar Mangan
(Mn) sebesar 2,52 mg/L, kadar BOD yaitu 794 mg/L dan kadar COD
yaitu 1770 mg/L. Pada stasiun 2 kadar Mangan (Mn) sebesar 2,47
mg/L, kadar BOD sebesar 730 mg/L dan kadar COD sebesar 1580
mg/L. Pada stasiun 3 kadar Mangan (Mn) sebesar 2,62 mg/L, kadar
BOD sebesar 618 mg/L dan kadar COD sebesar 1380 mg/L. Hasil
setelah treatment berdasarkan parameter kimia yaitu, pada stasiun 1
yaitu kadar Mangan yaitu 2,42 mg/L, kadar BOD yaitu 2728 mg/L,
kadar COD yaitu 2728 mg/L. Sedangkan pada stasiun 2 kadar mangan
yaitu 2,22 mg/L, kadar BOD air yaitu 6568 mg/L, kadar COD yaitu
13550 mg/L. Dan pada stasiun 3 memperoleh kadar Mangan yaitu 2,42
mg/L, kadar BOD yaitu 8433 mg/L, kadar COD yaitu 16050 mg/L.
Maka dapat dikatakan bahwa terdapat kenaikan pada kadar BOD dan
COD setelah dilakukan treatment dibanding sebelum dilakukan
treatment dan melampaui batas ketetapan baku mutu air. Sedangkan
pada kadar Mangan (Mn) terjadi penurunan setelah dilakukan traetment
dan masih sesuai dengan ketetapan baku mutu air.
Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, dapat diketahui bahwa
kualitas air sungai sebelum dan sesudah penambahan ekoenzim dalam
skala laboratorium mempengaruhi kandungan logam berat (Mangan)
pada sungai TPA Bakung di Bandar Lampung.
Kata Kunci : BOD, COD, Ekoenzim, Mangan, TPA Bakung
ii
ABSTRACT
The leachate that comes out of the Bakung landfill flows
directly into the river and can endanger local residents. Leachate
contains heavy metal compounds Manganese (Mn), BOD and COD. In
this research, the type of ecoenzyme used came from pineapple skin.
Pineapple skin contains flavonoid, tannin and saponin compounds
which can have an effect on reducing Manganese (Mn), BOD and COD.
This research is a descriptive quantitative approach research. The
sampling technique is in accordance with SNI 8995-2021 standards,
namely the grab sampling technique (momentary sample test) by taking
3 different location points at the same time, then homogenizing with
ecoenzymes. At station 1 as much as 10% ecoenzymes, station 2 as
much as 20%, station 3 as much as 30% ecoenzymes.
Before treatment, at station 1 the Manganese (Mn) level was
2.52 mg/L, the BOD level was 794 mg/L and the COD level was 1770
mg/L. At station 2 the Manganese (Mn) level was 2.47 mg/L, the BOD
level was 730 mg/L and the COD level was 1580 mg/L. At station 3 the
Manganese (Mn) level was 2.62 mg/L, the BOD level was 618 mg/L and
the COD level was 1380 mg/L. The results after treatment are based on
chemical parameters, namely, at station 1, namely Manganese levels,
namely 2.42 mg/L, BOD levels, namely 2728 mg/L, COD levels, namely
2728 mg/L. Meanwhile at station 2 the manganese level was 2.22 mg/L,
the water BOD level was 6568 mg/L, the COD level was 13550 mg/L.
And at station 3, the Manganese level was 2.42 mg/L, the BOD level
was 8433 mg/L, the COD level was 16050 mg/L. So it can be said that
there is an increase in BOD and COD levels after treatment compared
to before treatment and exceeds the water quality standard limits.
Meanwhile, Manganese (Mn) levels decreased after treatment and were
still in accordance with water quality standards.
Based on the results obtained, it can be seen that the quality of
river water before and after adding ecoenzymes on a laboratory scale
affects the heavy metal (manganese) content in the river at the Bakung
landfill in Bandar Lampung.
Keywords: BOD, COD, Ecoenzymes, Manganese, TPA Bakun
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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