1,721,005 research outputs found
Effect of platelet activating factor on formation and composition of airway fluid in the guinea-pig trachea
No full textWe studied the effect of platelet activating factor (PAF) on leakage of albumin, and secretion of fucose (a marker for mucus glycoprotein) and protein into the tracheal lumen of the guinea-pig isolated in situ, and on bioelectric properties and fluxes of mannitol in vitro. We also studied the effect of PAF on mucus secretion in human bronchi in vitro. 2. In guinea-pig, intravenous PAF markedly increased the luminal concentration of protein but did not significantly increase fucose concentrations. Increased albumin leakage (274% above controls at a dose of 50 ng/kg PAF) was associated with the increased luminal content of protein (248% above controls at the same dose of PAF). 3. Leakage of albumin was maximal 10 min after PAF, was significantly reduced by 20 min and had returned to baseline by 30 min. This pattern of leakage could be repeated with successive administrations of PAF. 4. PAF induced small but significant biphasic changes in bioelectric properties in vitro. The initial response was rapid in onset and characterized by maximal increases in short-circuit current (Isc) of 6.5% above controls at 7.5 min and in conductance (G) of 7% at 20 min. Both responses were blocked by the PAF receptor antagonist WEB 2086. Amiloride blocked the increase in Isc. Permeability of the tissue to mannitol (Pmann) was unaltered. The delayed response was characterized by maximal increases in Isc and G of 10% above controls at 60-90 min which were not significantly affected by WEB 2086 or amiloride. Pmann was increased by 38% at 90 min. 5. PAF increased fucose secretion in human bronchi in vitro. 6. Lyso-PAF in vitro caused changes similar to those induced by PAF on bioelectric properties and mucus secretion, but had no significant effects in vivo. 7. Light microscopy showed no evidence of epithelial disruption in animals given intravenous PAF at a dose causing significant albumin transudation. 8. We conclude that PAF increases the protein content of guinea-pig tracheal fluid principally by inducing plasma leakage rather than mucus secretion and that the small changes in ion transport and epithelial conductance may reduce the tendency to epithelial disruption during plasma leakage
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Should bronchoscopy be advocated to study airway remodelling and inflammation in adults with cystic fibrosis? Authors' response
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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