1,721,124 research outputs found
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Klinik İzolatlarında Yeni Antitüberküloz İlaçlar Olan Bedaquiline ve Delamanid'in MİK Değerlerinin ve Dirence Neden Olan Mutasyonların Saptanması
No full textDoktora öğrencisi TÜBİTAK 2214A-Yurt Dışı Doktora Sırası Araştırma Programı kapsamında 4 ay süre ile İsviçre Zürih Üniversitesi’nde desteklenmiştir (Proje Kodu: 1059B141600355). Araştırma, Hacettepe Üniversitesi BAP. Kapsamlı Araştırma Projesiyle desteklenmiştir (Proje Kodu: TSA-2019-18169).The purpose of this study is to detect the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of these novel drugs against to 101 resistant-M.tuberculosis clinical isolates with MGIT 960 automatized liquid culture system integrated with TB/eXİST research software as phenotypically and detection of drug resistance related mutations on bacteria genome by Sanger DNA sequencing or whole genome sequencing (WGS) as genotypically. Thirty one strains were isolated in University of Zurich, Switzerland and 70 strains were isolated in Turkey. Cross resistance between bedaquiline and clofazimin was also investigated in Swiss isolates. According to phenotypic MGIT 960 system bedaquiline, delamanid and clofazimin MIC ranges were found as <0.2 µg/ml to ≥4.0 µg/ml (mean MIC=0.92 µg/ml), ≤0.01 µg/ml to ≥3.2 µg/ml (mean MIC=0.18 µg/ml) and ≤0.5 µg/ml to ≥2.0 µg/ml (mean MIC=1.11 µg/ml), respectively. Phenotypical susceptibility test results reveal that bedaquiline MIC values of Swiss isolates were found higher than those of Turkish isolates while delamanid MIC values of isolates from Turkey were found higher than those of Swiss isolates. According to World Health Organization Critical Drug Concentration Report, mean MIC values of all of the strains were classified as sensitive to bedaquiline while they were classified as resistant to delamanid and clofazimin. Some isolates had both bedaquiline and clofazimin high MIC values but we couldn’t detect any cross resistance related mutations in genome of these bacterial strains. Further studies are required to clarify new mutations related to resistance. In this study, we also tried to optimize the WGS protocol in order to detect all drug resistance profile in the genome of bacteria. The protocol could detect the resistance related variations in the genome of 25 strains. In conclusion, this study provides a preliminary AST results of M.tuberculosis strains isolated from Turkish patients for novel drugs which will be available in Turkey soon. Research software integrated MGIT 960 testing and optimized WGS protocol will be used for determination of individualised therapy of MDR-TB patients.Bu çalışmanın amacı, dirençli tüberküloz hastalarından izole edilen 101 M. tuberculosis klinik izolatının bedaquiline ve delamanid minimal inhibitör konsantrasyon (MİK) değerlerinin fenotipik olarak MGIT-960 otomatize sıvı kültür sisteminde bir araştırma yazılımı olan TB/eXİST ile saptanması ve dirence neden olan mutasyonların Sanger dizileme ve tüm genom analizi (WGS) yöntemleriyle genotipik olarak araştırılmasıdır. Suşların 31’i İsviçre Zürih Üniversitesi’nde, 70’i ise Türkiye’deki hastalardan izole edilmiştir. İsviçre suşlarında bedaquiline ve klofazimin arasında çapraz direnç varlığı da araştırılmıştır. Fenotipik duyarlılık sonuçlarına göre İsviçre ve Türkiye suşlarının bedaquiline, delamanid ve yalnızca İsviçre suşlarının klofazimin MİK dağılımları ve ortalama MİK değerleri sırasıyla <0,2 µg/ml ile ≥4,0 µg/ml arasında (ortalama MİK=0,92 µg/ml), ≤0,01 µg/ml ile ≥3,2 µg/ml arasında (ortalama MİK=0,18 µg/ml) ve ≤0,5 µg/ml ile ≥2,0 µg/ml arasında (ortalama MİK=1,11 µg/ml) saptanmıştır. İsviçre suşlarının bedaquiline MİK değerleri, Türkiye suşlarına göre daha yüksek bulunurken, Türkiye suşlarının delamanid MİK değerleri İsviçre suşlarına göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün Kritik İlaç Kosantrasyonları Raporu’na göre çalışmamızdaki tüm suşlar ortalama MİK değerlerine göre bedaquiline duyarlı bulunurken, delamanid ve klofazimine dirençli bulunmuştur. Bedaquiline ve klofazimin MİK değerleri yüksek suşlarda çapraz dirençten sorumlu olan mutasyon, Sanger dizileme ile saptanamamıştır, dirence neden olan yeni mutasyonun saptanması için ileri çalışmalar yapılması gerekmektedir. Bakteri genomunda bulunan ve tüm ilaçlara karşı gelişen direnç profillerini saptamak amacıyla bir WGS protokolü optimizasyon çalışması yapılmıştır. 25 suşun genomunda bulunan dirençle ilişkili varyantlar saptanabilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada ÇİD-TB tedavisinde yakın zamanda ülkemizde de kullanıma girmesi beklenen yeni ilaçlar için Türkiye M. tuberculosis suşlarının ön duyarlılık verisi elde edilmiştir. MGIT-960 sistemiyle entegre edilen araştırma yazılımı ve optimize edilmiş WGS protokolünün ÇİD-TB hastalarının kişiselleştirilmiş tedavilerinin belirlenebilmesinde kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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