26,953 research outputs found
"Neglected nipples": acanthosis nigricans-like plaques caused by avoidance of nipple cleansing
No full textAcanthosis nigricans (AN) develops sporadically or in association with obesity, insulin-resistance and dark pigmentary phenotype. Unusual clinical presentations of AN may be diagnostically vexing
Blue Lesions
No full textBlue color is found in a wide range of malignant and benign melanocytic and nonmelanocytic lesions and in lesions that result from penetration of exogenous materials, such as radiation or amalgam tattoo or traumatic penetration of particles. Discriminating between different diagnostic entities that display blue color relies on careful patient examination and lesion assessment. Dermoscopically, the extent, distribution, and patterns created by blue color can help diagnose lesions with specificity and differentiate between benign and malignant entities. This article provides an overview of the main diagnoses whereby blue color can be found, providing simple management rules for these lesions. © 2013 Elsevier Inc
Dermoscopic and clinical predictors of reflectance confocal microscopy patterns of typical nevi on the back and legs: A cross-sectional study
No full textNevus phenotype is a marker of melanoma risk. In-vivo prediction of microscopic pattern is needed to more precisely classify nevi
Reflectance confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of solitary pink skin tumours: Review of diagnostic clues
No full textReflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a noninvasive tool that can be helpful in the diagnosis of nonpigmented skin tumours. As RCM enables visualization of architectural and cytological structures at near-histological resolution, it can improve the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopically equivocal solitary pink neoplasms. For management decisions, it is important to identify specific morphological clues that allow bedside classification of nonpigmented skin neoplasms into benign vs. malignant and melanocytic vs. nonmelanocytic. More specifically, the presence of a nested melanocytic proliferation at the dermoepidermal junction or dermis level permits the clinician to ascribe a given lesion as melanocytic; the identification of basaloid bright tumour islands is a key RCM feature for the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma; and the presence of disarrayed epidermis along with small demarcated papillae is suggestive for the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. The present review offers a comprehensive description of the main RCM diagnostic clues for solitary pink neoplasms that direct clinicians to the correct diagnosis and that may serve as groundwork for future prospective studies. What's already known about this topic? Solitary pink tumours represent a diagnostic challenge for clinicians as they often reveal subtle clinical and dermoscopic features. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has been shown to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. What does this study add? This review describes the criteria for RCM diagnosis of neoplasms that present as solitary pink lesions. This descriptive information may facilitate the formulation of prospective studies testing RCM-based diagnosis of amelanotic neoplasms
Difficult-to-diagnose facial melanomas: Utility of reflectance confocal microscopy in uncovering the diagnosis
No full textRemodeling of the dermoepidermal junction in superficial spreading melanoma: insights gained from correlation of dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, and histopathologic analysis
No full textVisualizing Touton Giant Cells Under Reflectance Confocal Microscopy in Two Cases of Juvenile Xanthogranuloma
No full textParadigmatic cases of pigmented lesions: How to not miss melanoma
No full textA large number of cases of melanoma exhibit clinical and dermoscopic clues leading to the correct diagnosis; however, sometimes melanoma can mimic benign melanocytic and non-melanocytic lesions. We present a small series of melanomas in which additional clues provided by confocal microscopy increased the index of suspicion and prompted us to perform an excisional biopsy. Practical rules that are useful in difficult-to-diagnose melanomas are discussed
The most common challenges in melanoma diagnosis and how to avoid them
No full textDue to its particularly lethal nature and tendency to affect relatively young individuals, the timely diagnosis of melanoma remains of paramount importance for clinicians and their patients. Unfortunately, melanomas can mimic benign lesions that are overwhelmingly more common in the population than are melanomas, and misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis of melanoma can occur. Misdiagnosis of melanoma serves as one of the most common causes for malpractice litigation brought against medical practitioners. In this review we describe seven clinical scenarios that represent challenges in melanoma diagnosis and discuss potential strategies for avoiding the errors that commonly give rise to those scenarios
Analysis and Evaluation of the Comprehensive Property for Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride (ALON) Ceramics
No full textALON ceramics with optimal mechanical and optical properties were obtained by cold isostatic pressing the as-prepared powders at 180 MPa and sintering at 1900°C under N2 atmosphere for 8h. Microstructures and IR transmittance of ALON prepared under different sintering conditions were studied systematically to discuss the effect of microstructures on mechanical properties and IR transmittance. In addition, IR spectra of transparent ALON test pieces in different thickness were collected. The results demonstrated that the bending strength decreased while IR transmittance increased with the increase of grain size of ALON ceramics; with the increase of thickness of ALON test piece, IR transmittance decreased and the scope of the decrease reduced with the increase of grain size of ALON ceramics.</jats:p
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