1,720,959 research outputs found
Sustainable universal access to essential medicines amidst conflict: a stakeholder analysis of primary care in Syria
No full textINTRODUCTION: Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Indicator 3.b.3 is defined as the proportion of health facilities that have a core set of relevant essential medicines available and affordable on a sustainable basis. Data for these three dimensions is collected and measured as part of the World Health Organization (WHO) Medicines Strategy, which recognizes that sufficient access to medicines is an indispensable element of quality healthcare delivery. Among other long-term consequences, internal conflict in Syria has led to the breakdown of health systems, lack of qualified medical personnel, and shortage of medicines. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: This report investigates the power and relationship dynamics between key stakeholders involved in the delivery of essential medicines in Syria. A stakeholder analysis was conducted to identify key actors, their influence, and accountability in ensuring access to medicines. Additionally, policy and healthcare system evaluations were performed to assess barriers to universal medicine delivery. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Findings indicate a fragmented healthcare system with multiple actors, including government agencies, international organizations, and local providers, often operating with limited coordination. The role of humanitarian aid has been crucial, but supply chain disruptions, regulatory barriers, and financial constraints continue to hinder consistent access to essential medicines for chronic diseases in primary care. CONCLUSIONS: To improve the universal delivery of essential medicines in Syria, stronger coordination among stake-holders, regulatory reforms, and sustainable funding mechanisms are required. Strengthening local pharmaceutical pro-duction, enhancing supply chain management, and increasing international support for medicine accessibility are critical to addressing the ongoing crisis
COVID-19: a global health system unfit for purpose
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has exposed critical weaknesses in global health systems, highlighting deep-rooted socioeconomic disparities and systemic vulnerabilities. Lower-income communities, particularly ethnic minorities, faced dispro-portionately higher infection and mortality rates due to overcrowding, limited healthcare access, and occupational expo-sure. Additionally, resource-limited settings and conflict-affected regions, such as Syria, encountered severe challenges in managing the pandemic due to fragile healthcare infrastructures. The pandemic also emphasized the role of community-driven interventions and the necessity of equitable healthcare policies. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from peer-reviewed studies, policy reports, and public health data to examine the interplay between socioeconomic disparities, healthcare accessibility, and pandemic outcomes. A systematic search of relevant literature was conducted to identify key factors contributing to health inequities during COVID-19, with a focus on healthcare workforce shortages, international migration, and the effectiveness of preventative measures. Findings indicate that lower-income populations experienced higher morbidity and mortality rates due to structural inequities in healthcare access and social determinants of health. The global shortage of healthcare workers, exacerbated by international migration, further strained health systems, particularly in low-resource settings. In conflict-affected regions, fragile healthcare infrastructures struggled to contain the virus. Community-driven interventions, including vaccination campaigns and localized public health initiatives, played a critical role in mitigating disease spread. However, systemic barriers persist, limiting the effectiveness of these mea-sures. Addressing global health inequities requires a multifaceted approach that integrates economic policies, healthcare reforms, and international collaboration. Strengthening primary care, investing in healthcare workforce retention, and re-ducing socioeconomic disparities are essential for building resilient health systems. The pandemic underscores the urgent need for structural reforms to enhance global pandemic preparedness and promote equitable health outcomes worldwide
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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