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Dynamic and integrated approach to the assessment of a coastal socio‐ecosystem. Application to the Thau lagoon, its ecological status and its bundles of ecosystem services over the period 1970‐2018
No full textThe Thau lagoon is one of the largest Mediterranean coastal lagoons and it supports many uses such as shellfish farming and fishing, priority activities of the territory, and more recently recreational activities. Since the 1960s, the increase in anthropogenic inputs, linked to the sudden growth of the population, led to microbiological contaminations of shellfish and degraded status of the lagoon, with negative impacts at sanitary, ecological and socio‐economic levels. Since the 1970s, the considerable work carried out on the waste water system on the watershed has made it possible to restore the lagoon, which then began an oligotrophication trajectory, a process that has still few been studied in coastal environments. Subject to a variety of pressures and disturbances, Thau can be studied as a complex system, within which the ecosystem interacts with society, constituting a socio‐ecosystem (SES). The general objective of the thesis is to propose benchmarks able to assess the state and to analyze the trajectory of the Thau SES from 1970 to 2018, in a dynamic and integrated way, based on the approaches and tools proposed by: i) restoration ecology and ii) ecosystem services (ES) approach. From the point of view of the state and functioning of the ecosystem, statistical analyzes of long‐term data series on autotrophic compartments have highlighted shifts in the composition of communities, as well as phenomena of resilience or inertia during oligotrophication. By applying the interdisciplinary tool of timelines, we distinguished three contrasting periods in the trajectory of the SES: P1) 1970‐1989: degraded state, predominant traditional uses and sectoral management; P2) 1990‐2004, transition period: start of improvement in water quality, development of recreational uses and structuring of management; P3) 2005‐2018: oligotrophication, diversification of uses and integrated management. Through the dynamic analysis of: i) bundles of ecosystem services (matches or gaps between ES’ potential and consumption); ii) and of forms of ES demands potentially driving change (impacting, unsatisfied, conservation), we identified the main interactions between ecological and social processes and the main determinants of the phases of stability or change in the SES.La lagune de Thau est l’une des plus grandes lagunes côtières méditerranéennes et le siège de nombreux usages tels que la conchyliculture et la pêche, activités prioritaires du territoire, et plus récemment les activités récréatives. A partir des années 1960, l’augmentation des apports anthropiques, liée à la croissance soudaine de la population, a engendré des contaminations microbiologiques des coquillages en élevage et une dégradation de l’état de la lagune, lui portant préjudice sur les plans sanitaire, écologique et socio‐économique. Depuis les années 1970, les travaux considérables effectués sur les systèmes d’assainissement du bassin‐versant ont permis la restauration de la lagune, qui a alors entamé une trajectoire d’oligotrophisation, processus encore peu étudié sur les milieux côtiers. Soumise à une diversité de pressions et de perturbations, Thau peut s’apparenter à un système complexe, au sein duquel l’écosystème se trouve en interaction avec la société, constituant un socio‐écosystème (SES). L’objectif général de la thèse est de proposer des référentiels permettant d’évaluer l’état et d’analyser la trajectoire du SES Thau de 1970 à 2018, de façon dynamique et intégrée, en s’appuyant sur les démarches et outils proposés par : i) l’écologie de la restauration et ii) l’approche par les services écosystémiques (SE). Du point de vue de l’état et du fonctionnement de l’écosystème, les analyses statistiques des séries de données à long‐terme des compartiments autotrophes ont mis en évidence des ruptures dans la composition des communautés, ainsi que des phénomènes de résilience et d’inertie au cours du processus d’oligotrophisation. En appliquant l’outil interdisciplinaire des frises chronologiques, nous avons distingué trois périodes contrastées dans la trajectoire du SES : P1) 1970‐ 1989 : état dégradé, usages traditionnels majoritaires et gestion sectorielle ; P2) 1990‐2004, période de transition : début de l’amélioration de la qualité de l’eau, développement des usages récréatifs et structuration de la gestion ; P3) 2005‐2018 : oligotrophisation, diversification des usages et gestion intégrée. Grâce à l’analyse dynamique : i) des bouquets de services écosystémiques (adéquations ou écarts entre potentiel et consommation de SE) ; ii) et des formes de demandes de SE porteuses de changement (impactantes, non satisfaites, de conservation), nous avons identifié les principales interactions entre processus écologiques et sociaux et les principaux déterminants des phases de stabilité ou de basculement du SES
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Bioremediation of fish solid wastes by a polychaete detritivore in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture context
No full textLes systèmes intégrés d’aquaculture multi-trophique (IMTA) proposent de limiter les rejets dans l’environnement en associant la culture d’espèces de niveaux trophiques différents et le recyclage des déchets. Les détritivores sont un groupe trophique intéressant car ils permettent l’extraction de matière organique particulaire. Hediste (Nereis) diversicolor est un polychète qui connait un intérêt croissant du fait de sa capacité de bioturbation dans les sédiments et de sa haute valeur commerciale en tant qu’appât et nourriture potentielle pour animaux. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’évaluer le potentiel d’ H. diversicolor dans la bio-remédiation des rejets solides en système IMTA. Plus spécifiquement, l’étude a eu pour objectifs : i) de calibrer une nouvelle méthode de mesure des composés organiques des rejets (azote, carbone, phosphore, lipides), ii) d’évaluer l’activité métabolique (respiration) d’H. diversicolor nourries aux fèces de Dicentrarchus labrax en fonction de leur taille et de différentes températures, et iii) d’utiliser un modèle bioénergétique pour simuler croissance, respiration et excrétion d’H. diversicolor selon différents scenarios IMTA.Pour obtenir une caractérisation rapide des composés organiques, une méthode novatrice (NIRS) a été calibrée. Les composés des rejets ont varié entre 44-77% de matière organique, 2-5% d’azote organique total, 11-51% de carbone organique total, 9-26 de rapport carbone/azote, 1-3% phosphore total and 2-12% de lipides (% de matière sèche).Les taux métaboliques de H. diversicolor nourries aux fèces ont été estimés par consommations d’oxygène à différentes températures (11, 17, 22 and 27°C). Les effets de la température et de la taille du ver sur les consommations en oxygène ont été significatifs, mais ces niveaux de respiration (12.3 µmol g-1 de poids sec h-1 à 20°C) correspondaient probablement à un métabolisme basal dû aux conditions expérimentales (jeun et obscurité).Les simulations du modèle DEB H. diversicolor ont été comparées aux données expérimentales de taux de croissance, de respiration et d’excrétion, ce qui a permis de corroborer les prédictions du modèle. Le modèle DEB a permis de tester différents scenarios pour prédire les réponses métaboliques, la croissance, la maturité et la reproduction d’ H. diversicolor à différentes températures (5 à 25°C) et disponibilité alimentaire (f variant de 0.5 à 1, correspondant à la disponibilité des fèces). Le modèle DEB s’est avéré être un outil utile pour prédire les réponses physiologiques sous différentes conditions environnementales dans un contexte IMTA.Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) systems are based on the concept of limiting aquaculture discharges associating species of different trophic levels to reuse wastes. Deposit-feeders are one trophic group that has gained attention for the extraction of particulate organic matter. Hediste (Nereis) diversicolor is a polychaete species that has gained increasing interest for its bioremediation capacity through bioturbation activity in sediments, and high commercial value as fish bait and animal food sources. The main objective of this thesis was to evaluate the fish waste bioremediation capacity of polychaete H. diversicolor in IMTA context. More specifically, i) to predict organic compounds (nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, lipids) in marine fish waste, ii) to evaluate the metabolic responses - respiration - of H. diversicolor fed with solid waste of seabass Dicentrarchus labrax at different temperatures and body size, and iii) to use a bioenergetic model (DEB) to simulate growth, oxygen consumption and excretion in different IMTA scenarios.To provide fast characterization of organic compounds we used an innovative method based on near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Chemical content of the waste measured by NIRS models after calibration, ranged from 44-77% organic matter, 2-5% total organic nitrogen, 11-51% total organic carbon, 9-26 carbon/nitrogen ratio, 1-3% total phosphorus and 2-12% lipids (% of dry matter).Fish waste fed H. diversicolor metabolic rates were evaluated through oxygen consumption at different temperatures (11, 17, 22 and 27°C). The effect of temperature and worm body size was significant on oxygen consumptions, however these respiration measures (12.3 µmol g-1 of dry weight h-1 at 20°C) may represent basal metabolic rate due to experimental conditions (starvation, darkness).DEB model of H. diversicolor was compared to experimental data on growth, respiration and excretion rates, which corroborated DEB model predictions. DEB was then applied to test different scenarios predicting metabolic responses, growth, maturity and reproduction of H. diversicolor at different temperatures (5 to 25°C) and food levels (f varying from 0 to 1, corresponding to fish waste loading). DEB revealed to be a useful tool in IMTA context, predicting physiological responses in different environmental conditions
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Ichtyofaune des herbiers a Thalassia du Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin en Guadeloupe. Organisation spatio-temporelle du recrutement - liaisons avec les variables de l'environnement
No full textSIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : T 82843 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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