1,721,029 research outputs found
Effects of nimesulide on nitric oxide-induced hyperalgesia in humans--a neurophysiological study
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Effects of pulsed magnetic fields on motor fibres of a periperal nerve: experimental results and simulations
No full textAssessment and treatment of neurogenic dysphagia in stroke and Parkinson's disease
No full textPurpose of reviewNeurogenic dysphagia worsens quality of life and prognosis of patients with different neurological disorders. Management of neurogenic dysphagia can be challenging. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current evidence on screening, diagnosis, and treatment of neurogenic dysphagia in stroke and Parkinson's disease, suggesting clues for clinical practice.Recent findingsThe pros and cons of diagnostic techniques are discussed in the light of updated evidence. Findings from recent meta-analyses of different treatment approaches, including traditional dysphagia therapy, peripheral and central neurostimulation techniques, and treatment with botulinum toxin, are critically discussed, emphasizing inconsistencies and controversial issues.Screening tests and clinical swallow examination should be routinely performed in neurological patients at risk for dysphagia. In patients testing positive for dysphagia, first-line instrumental investigations, represented by fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing or videofluoroscopic swallow study, should be performed to confirm the presence of dysphagia, to assess its severity, and to inform the treatment. Second-line and third-line instrumental methods can be used in selected patients to clarify specific pathophysiological aspects of oropharyngeal dysphagia. Treatment strategies should be personalized, and combination of traditional dysphagia therapy with innovative treatment approaches may increase the chance of restoring effective and safe swallowing
External anal sphincter electromyography in multiple system atrophy: implications for diagnosis, clinical correlations, and novel insights into prognosis
No full textMultiple system atrophy is a sporadic, progressive, adult-onset, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by autonomic dysfunction symptoms, parkinsonian features, and cerebellar signs in various combinations. An early diagnosis of multiple system atrophy is of utmost importance for the proper prevention and management of its potentially fatal complications leading to the poor prognosis of these patients. The current diagnostic criteria incorporate several clinical red flags and magnetic resonance imaging markers supporting diagnosis of multiple system atrophy. Nonetheless, especially in the early disease stage, it can be challenging to differentiate multiple system atrophy from mimic disorders, in particular Parkinson’s disease. Electromyography of the external anal sphincter represents a useful neurophysiological tool for differential diagnosis since it can provide indirect evidence of Onuf’s nucleus degeneration, which is a pathological hallmark of multiple system atrophy. However, the diagnostic value of external anal sphincter electromyography has been a matter of debate for three decades due to controversial reports in the literature. In this review, after a brief overview of the electrophysiological methodology, we first aimed to critically analyze the available knowledge on the diagnostic role of external anal sphincter electromyography. We discussed the conflicting evidence on the clinical correlations of neurogenic abnormalities found at external anal sphincter electromyography. Finally, we reported recent prognostic findings of a novel classification of electromyography patterns of the external anal sphincter that could pave the way toward the implementation of this neurophysiological technique for survival prediction in patients with multiple system atrophy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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