1,720,955 research outputs found
Sex-related effects on behaviour and ß-endorphin of different intensities of formalin pain in rats.
No full textThe effects of two intensities of formalin pain on behaviour and beta-Endorphin (beta-EP) concentration in the brain and pituitary were studied in male and female rats. The animals were familiarized with the Hole-Board apparatus for 3 days, and then, after a subcutaneous injection of formalin (50 mu l, 0.1 or 10%) or Sham-injection (Control) in the hindpaw, they were tested in the Hole-Board for 60 min. Licking, Flexing and Paw-Jerk of the injected limb were recorded. beta-EP concentration was determined in the hypothalamus (HYP), the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG), the anterior pituitary (AP) and the neurointermediate lobe (NIL). Licking and Flexing durations were greater in females than males only with formalin 10%. Sex differences in beta-EP concentration between the Control groups were found in all tissues except the HYP; beta-EP levels were higher in females in the PAG and NIL, but greater in the AP in males. beta-EP concentration increased in males in the HYP and NIL with formalin 10%; in females, a decrease was found in the HYP with formalin 0.1%. The present results suggest that: (a) there are differences between males and females in the responses to formalin pain, and the nature (pattern and duration) of the sex differences varies according to the pain intensity; (b) there are differences in beta-EP concentration between the two sexes in control animals, and male and female rats also exhibit differences in the modifications of beta-EP in response to formalin-induced pain
Behavioural effects of different intensities of formalin pain in rats.
No full textThe effects of two concentrations of formalin (0.1% and 10%) on Licking, Flexing and Paw-Jerk, and standard measures of activity, were studied in male rats during three experimental conditions: Box, Open-Field and Novel Object. Pain-evoked responses were present in all formalin-injected animals, with greater intensity in the group injected with formalin 10%. In this group Rearing and Olfactory Exploration were reduced with respect to the controls, locomotion was inhibited to the point that it was virtually absent during the last part of the test. In contrast, the lower formalin concentration not only failed to inhibit the locomotor/exploratory behaviours but also appeared to induce a general activation of behaviour, as suggested by the longer durations of Pendulum, the absence of Sleeping-like episodes and the higher number of Approaches to the object found in this group. The results of the present experiment underline the importance of a detailed analysis of behaviour in animal models of pain and support the view that the intensity of pain plays a crucial role in its behavioural effects
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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