1,721,064 research outputs found
Corporate Social Responsibility - Initiatives by Bangladeshi Firms: Content, Implementation Strategies, & Impact on Sustainable Social Development
Full text linkScopo – Il termine Responsabilità Sociale d'Impresa (CSR) descrive le misure che un'azienda può intraprendere per ridurre al minimo gli effetti negativi delle proprie attività sulla società e sull'ambiente.
Senza dubbio, affinché un'azienda sia sostenibile, gli effetti delle sue attività sulla società e sull'ambiente devono essere considerati con la dovuta diligenza. Gli obiettivi principali di questo studio sono fornire un quadro generalmente accettato ed esaminare la relazione diretta tra la CSR e le sue dimensioni e lo sviluppo sostenibile (SD) nel contesto delle imprese del Bangladesh.
Progettazione/metodologia/approccio – Questo studio valuta l’impatto di Employee Concern (EC) e Good Governance (GG) sulla connessione tra le dimensioni della CSR e lo sviluppo sostenibile nel contesto del Bangladesh creando un quadro concettuale. Di conseguenza, nei dati primari e secondari sono state incluse 64 società di tre settori quotati alla DSE (Dhaka Stock Exchange). Per testare le ipotesi e valutare
sistematicamente i dati ottenuti è stata utilizzata la modellazione di equazioni strutturali utilizzando i software SmartPLS4 e ATLAS.ti.
Risultati – Lo studio mostra che mentre GG e EC sono significativamente correlati con lo SD, l’associazione tra le dimensioni della CSR e lo SD non è stata mediata da nessuna di queste variabili. Inoltre,
le aziende di questi settori selezionati danno priorità all’impatto della dimensione della creazione di valore sullo sviluppo sostenibile rispetto alle altre dimensioni della CSR.
Originalità/valore – Importanti risultati di questa ricerca si aggiungono alla conoscenza della responsabilità sociale delle imprese concettualmente e praticamente. Per quanto a conoscenza del ricercatore, nessuno studio precedente ha esaminato i ruoli di mediazione di GG e CE nella relazione tra le dimensioni della CSR e lo sviluppo sostenibile utilizzando una metodologia di metodi misti. Affrontando le questioni su come le imprese vedono le dimensioni della RSI e su come queste dimensioni influiscono sullo sviluppo sostenibile, questo studio contribuisce al corpus di conoscenze sulla RSI nei paesi in via di sviluppo.Purpose – The term Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) describes the steps a business can take to minimize its operations' negative effects on society and the environment. Without a doubt, for a company to be sustainable, its operations' effects on society and the environment must be considered with due diligence. The main goals of this study are to provide a generally accepted framework and examine the direct relationship between CSR and its dimensions and sustainable development (SD) in the context of Bangladeshi firms.
Design/methodology/approach – This study assesses the impact of Employee Concern (EC) and Good Governance (GG) on the connection between CSR dimensions and SD in the context of Bangladesh by creating a conceptual framework. As a result, 64 companies from three listed industries on the DSE (Dhaka Stock Exchange) were included in the primary and secondary data. Structural equation modeling using the SmartPLS4 and ATLAS.ti software was utilized to test hypotheses and systematically evaluate the data obtained.
Findings – The study shows that while GG and CC significantly correlate with SD, the association between CSR dimensions and SD was not mediated by any of these variables. Additionally, firms in those selected industries prioritize the impact of the Value Creation dimension on SD over the other dimensions of CSR.
Originality/value – Important findings from this research add to the knowledge of corporate social responsibility conceptually and practically. To the best of the researcher's knowledge, no previous study has looked at the mediating roles of GG and EC in the relationship between CSR dimensions and SD using a mixed-methods methodology. By addressing the questions of how firms view CSR dimensions and how these dimensions affect SD, this study contributes to the body of knowledge on CSR in developing countries.
Key Words: CSR, Good Governance, Employee Concern, Sustainable Developmen
The Changing Landscape of Sports Regulations: An Examination of the Impact of Regulatory Changes on Football Governance and Transfer Policies in Post-Brexit UK
Full text linkSports governance studies tend to focus on sports management, and such studies are widely seen tooverlook the key role of regulation and law in sports governance. Jonson and Thorpe (2019, p.35)note that “what is evident from the sport management literature is the absence of consideration ofthe role of the law makers – the courts and the parliaments – in determining sport governancepractices”. As such, this makes sports law an under-researched area within sports governance(Forster, 2006).This study’s aim was to examine the key role of law and regulation within sports governance; theimpact of changes in supranational agreements like the Treaty on the Functioning of the EuropeanUnion (TFEU) and Brexit; and varying governance practices involved in the football transfer systemwithin the UK and the EU. Using Brexit as a pivotal point, this study evaluates the governancenetworks in professional football, with particular attention to governing bodies and the playertransfer system across the UK and the EU.A qualitative case study approach has been adopted for this study, as it is an appropriate method fora descriptive and exploratory study, placing focus on the analysis of the context and a nexus ofinterrelations (Yin, 2018). This study utilises both primary sources and secondary literature. Theseinclude semi-structured interviews, academic literature, publicly available official documents ofgoverning entities, and news reports.The study is structured into three parts. The first one is an exploratory case study that reviews keygovernance structures and major regulatory changes that have shaped the governance of theinternational player transfer system pre-Brexit, assessing the role of the EU in the governance ofprofessional football. The second part explores contemporary changes to governance of the UK7player transfer system post-Brexit and considers the impact of regulatory changes due to Brexit onthe player transfer market in the UK. The last part explores the recent Fan-Led review and itsimplications to the future of professional football governance in the UK.The study will extend the theoretical application of Multiple Streams Theory to the governance ofthe professional football player transfer system on both the supranational level and at national levelwithin the UK. It also utilises a theoretical triangulation of organisational pathology and legitimacytheory proposed by Anastiadis and Spence (2020) to investigate governing bodies within football ona multi-tier level, assess regulatory changes to the player transfer system due to Brexit, and assessthe future of football governance proposed in the Fan-Led Review.The study found that the main involvement of the EU in the governance of the player transfersystem is the work with the football governing bodies in the policy stream in the developing a selfgoverning transnational player transfer system that is compatible with EU laws and principles. Thestudy also found that a key aim of the regulatory changes in the transfer system due to Brexit, is toincentivise the utilisation of more homegrown players. This is because the post Brexit GoverningBody Endorsement (GBE) regulations have substantially reduced talent pool of players available totransfer into the UK. The findings of the study will enhance the understanding of the new GBEsystem within the football transfer system in the UK and facilitate football clubs and recruitmentprofessionals in strategizing future player transfers in light of Brexit. Lastly, this study’s evaluation ofthe Fan-Led Review and governance practices within professional football highlights anunsustainable framework of governance practices in the UK, particularly down the football pyramidin the EFL leagues
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps Approach to Identify Risk Factors of Diabetes
Full text linkFuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM) have been applied in many fields successfully to show the causes and effect relationship. In this research work, the relationship between risk factors and symptoms of Diabetes has been analyzed with the help of FCM. FCM is a fuzzy-graph modeling approach based on expert’s opinion. This is the non-statistical approach to study the problems with imprecise information. This paper has foursections. Section one discusses the background of this study, Section two talk about related work, the materials (literature survey of FCM), methods and results analysis are given in Section three, Final section derives the conclusion based on study
MIXING ABILITY AND INTERGENOTYPIC COMPETITION FROM 7X7 UNIBLENDS AND BIBLENDS OF MUNGBEAN (Vigna radiata L,Wilckzek.) GENOTYPES
Full text linkA Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING SEMESTER: JANUARY-JUNE’ 2008Cultivar mixtures have been suggested as a means to achieve increased crop productivity. By choosing cultivars that complement each other for performance of important traits, mixtures could be formulated to meet specific production requirements. Mixing ability and inter-genotypic competition from 7x7 mechanical diallel mixtures excluding reciprocals of Mungbean (Vigna radiata (1.) Wilczek.) were studied, during March to Mid June 2008, under two experimental sets which provided for intra-row and inter row mixing of genotypes in biblend, designated respectively as Set I and set II, as well as uniblend stand in both Sets. The significant differences among the genotypes were found for all the traits examined. Seven mungbean uniblend line and the 21 biblends obtained by mixing seed of pairs of cultivars in equal proportions were evaluated. The mean performance analysis showed that, the genotype BD-6893 showed best performance for most of the vitally important characters such as pods per plant, seeds/plant, and yield/plant. In respect of biblend mixture, the biblend BD-6901+BD-6922 was found as best biblend mixture for different characters. Averaged biblends were 1.35% higher yielding than the mean yield of their uniblend components. For grain yield, performance in biblends was highly correlated with the average of the two component uniblends. The genotype BD-6906 had a good mixing ability for different yield and yield contributing characters as pods/plant, pod length, seeds/pod, yield/plant etc. in the both experimental sets. The mixture (biblend) BD-6901 + BD-6922, BD-6893+BD-6901 and BD-6921+BD-6922 were found to be a good specific mixer for different characters. Diallel analysis of mixing ability, analogous to genetic analysis of combining ability, demonstrated that uniblends differed in their ability to determine grain yield in biblends. The ability to predict biblend performance based on uniblend performance, together with the potential for above average grain yield, suggested that biblends can be formulated to achieve specific production requirements. Although varietal mixtures are not an alternative to pure culture, they nevertheless exhibit better performance under any adverse conditi
R&D Investment and Capital Markets: Evidence from Emerging Markets
Full text linkThis thesis deals with the firm-, macro-and institutional-level determinants of research and development (R&D) investment, assessing the impact of R&D spending on firm performance and the financing of R&D investment in emerging markets. The recent financial crisis has had adverse effects worldwide. This study finds that the financial crisis had a significant negative impact on firms’ R&D investment in emerging markets. It also finds that the R&D investments of both local firms and multinational enterprises (MNEs) were affected, and that the latter was affected 1.63 times more than the former.
However, when the firms were split between innovative and non-innovative, it was observed that innovative firms continued to invest in R&D during the recession, while non-innovative firms cut down their R&D investment. In addition, it is found that, during a financial crisis, the firm-level determinants of R&D are firm age, firm size, export orientation, debt ratio and foreign ownership. This implies that the assumptions of the resource based view (RBV) hold true, even during a financial crisis. The results suggest that affected and less-/unaffected countries’ R&D determinants behave differently during a financial crisis. They also show that the probability of a decrease in R&D investment in affected countries is 60 percent higher than in less-/unaffected countries. Similarly to firm-level factors, macroeconomic factors also influence R&D expenditure. GDP growth, exports, trade openness, patents and financial crisis are the main macroeconomic determinants of a country’s R&D expenditure. Moreover, analysis suggests that macroeconomic determinants of R&D investment behave differently in advanced and emerging countries, owing to their different nature and purpose, and the countries’ levels of economic development.
In addition to firm and macroeconomic factors, the institutional environment plays an important role in R&D investment in emerging countries. The results show that government effectiveness and rule of law have significant positive impacts, while corruption and political instability have significant negative impacts on R&D investment in emerging countries. However, opponents of country-level factors have claimed that these factors influence the innovative activities and firm performance of emerging countries indirectly. This study finds that investor protection (safeguards) tends to have a greater moderating effect on the relationship between R&D and firm performance than country-level governance (systems). The results indicate that safeguards promote firm-level innovation in emerging markets, while systems are substituted by firm-level corporate governance in emerging countries. Moreover, in the case of risky and uncertain investments such as R&D, investors seek protection from possible losses. It is also observed that R&D financing behaves differently according to different levels of multi-nationality and financial systems. Local firms do not use external funding, while MNEs use both internal and external funding for R&D investments due to the availability of organisational slack. A country’s financial systems may restrict firms from choosing particular sources of finance. Firms within bank-based systems tend to rely on external funding and firms within market-based systems depend more on internal funding for R&D investment. The results indicate that market-based firms follow pecking order theory.
Secondary data for the analysis were collected from various sources, including DataStream, annual financial reports, LexisNexis, the World Bank’s Development Indicators, Worldwide Governance Indicators and Protecting Minority Shareholder data, and the International Country Risk Guide database. Both static and dynamic panel data techniques, including generalised methods of moment (GMM) estimation, were used for the analysis. Dynamic GMM panel estimation was used to control for endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity, and to provide efficient and consistent estimation even in the presence of heteroscedasticity. The study also adopted an instrumental variable (IV) approach with OLS and Granger causality tests for the analysis. This study will be helpful to various stakeholders, including investors and managers, lenders and policy makers in emerging markets
Green Banking Status and Role of Central Bank in Bangladesh: A Recent Trend
Full text linkAlmost all banks established green banking units in time, though there is a lack of seriousness in implementing green banking policies set by Bangladesh Bank. The aim of the study is to examine the green banking status and the role of central bank in Bangladesh. This study finds 22 banks achieved green finance (GF) target where UCB PLC stood in the top position at 36.21%, next to Jamuna Bank PLC at 29.85%, IBB PLC at 22.42%, and Bank Asia stood at the end at 5.47%. On the other hand, 17 commercial banks fulfill the sustainable financing (SF) target of the total term loan disbursement set by Bangladesh Bank. It is observed that in Q4, 2023, 17 banks out of 61 had exposure to green finance, where 16 banks were Private Commercial Banks (PCBs). One and only The Bangladesh Krishi Bank (Specialized Bank) occupied the top position, accounting for 56.48% of sustainable finance next to NRB Bank PLC 42.86%, BRAC Bank PLC 41.32%, etc., and Jamuna Bank PLC stood last position at 21.57%. The study also found the total target achieved by banks was 9.09% in GF and 27.24% in SF, which exceeded the target set by the Bangladesh bank and it is a milestone to achieve SDGs set by the UN by 2030. This study explores the basic concepts of green banking and green financing movement, present status, and their impact on bank performance in Bangladesh. In this study, secondary data is used, which were collected from related published articles, Bangladesh Bank annual reports, quarterly reports, sustainability reports, other commercial banks’ reports, World Bank reports, and newspaper reports from 2014 to 2023
Divergent Utilities of Alkynethiolate-Based Precursors for the New Synthesis of Sulfur-Containing Five-and Six-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds
Full text link岩手大学博士（工学）doctoral thesi
- …
