1,720,957 research outputs found
Spatio-Temporal Modelling, Analysis and Forecasting of Road Traffic Accidents in Oman
Get PDFRoad traffic accident (RTA) is one of the most significant reasons for deaths and disabilities globally. Although there have been many attempts over the years, a number of insights yet need to be investigated, which would provide a better understanding of road traffic accidents (RTAs) in countries with a higher number of accidents. Many advanced mathematical models have been developed and applied to uncover a wide variety of issues of RTAs for many countries, for instance, accident frequencies, observed and unobserved factors, unobserved heterogeneity, endogeneity, etc. Oman is one of the wealthy middle eastern countries that experiences a very high volume of RTAs every year. However, little is known about the nature, variation, and causal factors for road traffic accidents in the Sultanate of Oman. Therefore, this study attempts to characterise the temporal, spatial, and combined space-time patterns of RTAs in Oman by mathematical modelling techniques. The RTAs data have been collected for the Sultanate of Oman for this study. Firstly a number of temporal models have been applied to discover the trend, other temporal components and forecast of the road traffic accidents and injuries (RTI) in Oman. The study found that the SARIMA model is the best temporal model with the highest goodness of fit for RTA and RTI. The higher number of RTAs occurred in June-August period, and the peak is in July during the summer holiday. Similarly, the months of May, June and July are expected to have the highest number of RTIs in Oman forecasted by the SARIMA model. Secondly, a variety of spatial models including spatial lag model (SLM), spatial error model (SEM) and geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR) model have been applied to capture spatial effects and influencing factors for the RTAs in Oman. One of the significant findings to emerge from this study is that the spatial lag model (SLM) outperformed the spatial error model (SEM) due to the best values in diagnostic indicators. However, the spatial variations in these models (SLM and SEM) are taken into account only through the spatial error structure. Another type of spatial modelling approach that provides a set of local models obtained by calibrating multiple geographical entities simultaneously is the geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR).
The main challenge with the GWPR models is to set appropriate kernel function to give weights for each neighbouring point during the model calibration. Likelihood function, parameter estimation and model selection criteria have been shown in details and model formulation has been applied to the RTAs data in Oman. A GWPR model has been developed for five different kernel weighting functions: box-car, bi-square, tri-cube, exponential and Gaussian weighted function. The study found that GWPR models can substantially capture the heterogeneity of the spatial factors over the regions or spatial units. The crucial finding to emerge from this study is that GWPR model with exponential kernel function and adaptive bandwidth is the most suitable for modelling, fitting and analysing RTA data in Oman. Finally, a combined approach of spatio-temporal modelling have been investigated, which would capture the temporal and spatial effects simultaneously. Spatio-temporal modelling is taken into account of both spatial and temporal correlations dependencies. The main challenge is building up the spatio-temporal model consisting of three components: choosing the perfect techniques to parts for space effects, time effects and the interaction between space and time effects. Spatio-temporal models have been built based on a Bayesian hierarchical framework to generate stable estimation that provides good characteristics to benefits even with low counts of RTAs. Integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) is fully Bayes tools used for fitting models, estimating fixed, random or posterior parameters. One major challenge is to model the interaction between spatial effects and temporal effects for count data models. This study develops Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal interaction models taking Oman RTA data. This study founds that unseparated spatio-temporal models are playing essential roles to capture unobserved heterogeneity for various factors. The most exciting finding is that the best performance pf a spatio-temporal model is the spatio-temporal interaction typeII model. Spatio-temporal interaction typeII acts by interacting between unstructured spatial effects and structured temporal effects. It suggests considering the second-order random walk (RW2) and Leroux CAR (LCAR) model into the spatio-temporal interaction model with a longer time scale and multivariate levels
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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