1,720,954 research outputs found
The role of international law in regulating the relationship between the occupying state and the occupied land in the event of the occupation
No full textThe author of the article analyzes the legal regime of military occupation, paying attention to the role of international law in regulating the relationship between the occupying Power and the directly occupied territory. Special attention is paid to the assessment of the international legal framework regulating the rights of citizens of the territory that temporarily fell under the regime of military occupation. The article emphasizes that the main purpose of the implementation of the right of military occupation is to preserve the status quo in the occupied territories during the armed conflict in order to ensure the painless return of such territories to the relevant State in the future. As a concrete case, a brief analysis of the regime of occupation of Iraq is carried out.Автор статьи анализирует правовой режим военной оккупации, обращая внимание на роль международного права в регулировании взаимоотношений между оккупирующей державой и непосредственно оккупированной территорией. Особое внимание уделяется оценке международной нормативно-правовой базы, регламентирующей права граждан территории, которая временно попала под режим военной оккупации. В статье подчеркивается, что основная цель реализации права военной оккупации заключается в сохранении статуса-кво на оккупированных территориях на время вооруженного конфликта, с тем чтобы обеспечить безболезненное возвращение таких территорий соответствующему государству в будущем. В качестве конкретного кейса проведен краткий анализ режима оккупации Ирака
THE NOTION OF OCCUPATION AND PEACE UNDER INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
No full textSuffering from the ravages of wars and invasions and all aspects of occupation, colonialism and slavery is what marked the lives of peoples. Each era was distinguished by its justifications for the use of violence and force, and the arguments were mostly political, with the rulers watching over their plot to lure the flock. Since the beginning of the current century, man has found himself the biggest loser every time he fights war and incurs its consequences. With the growth of the concepts of the international community, the rights of nations and human rights, other concepts began to decline in terms of victory in wars, defeat, Post-war disasters and so on. This research sheds light on the concept of occupation and armed conflicts in terms of what they mean according to international law, their forms and what is related to them, and to what extent these legal regulations and peace arrangements contribute to limiting the dire consequences and potential losses between civilians and public and private property in the event of any armed conflict. It also contributes to promoting the spread of a culture of law respect in society
ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ЗАКОНА И ЭТИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ: ФИЛОСОФСКАЯ ТОЧКА
No full textIt is true that knowledge is important for a person's development, but morality is more important because it is related to the spiritual aspect, so every person is not expected to be a legal scholar or be familiar with its details. Rather, to grasp the meaning of duty and to strive in our actions to accept the principles inherent in its approach. When a person reaches this stage, it will automatically be reflected in the degree of his observance of the law, which means that the political structure will be strong and will not be disturbed by storms and strife, firmly established, in which people govern themselves through their representatives - enacted laws, so that they are truly free, true freedom does not mean breaking laws or rules anarchists think, but rather, it means that I obey the law that I have established for myself, with free will.Это правда, что знания важны для развития человека, но мораль важнее, потому что она связана с духовным аспектом, поэтому не ожидается, что каждый человек будет юристом или знаком с ее деталями. Скорее, чтобы понять смысл долга и в своих действиях стремиться принять принципы, заложенные в его подходе. Когда человек достигнет этой стадии, это автоматически отразится на степени соблюдения им закона, а это значит, что политическая структура будет сильной и не будет нарушена бури и раздоры, прочно установившаяся, в которой люди управляют собой через их представители - принятые законы, так что они действительно свободны, настоящая свобода не означает нарушение законов или правил, как думают анархисты, а, скорее, это означает, что я подчиняюсь закону, который я установил для себя, со свободной волей
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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