1,720,961 research outputs found
Renal Consequences of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Term Neonates: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the DOHaD Perspective in the Prevention and Early Recognition of Neonates of GDM Mothers at Risk of Hypertension and Chronic Renal Diseases in Later Life
No full textFetal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) seems to stimulate a negative impact on the kidneys. Renal volumes and urinary biomarkers of renal function and tubular impairment and injury were evaluated in 30–40-day old newborns of GDM mothers (n = 139) who needed insulin therapy during pregnancy. We found that neonates of mothers who maintained strict control over normoglycemia (n = 65) during pregnancy and fulfilled the other criteria of the GDM management program showed no differences compared to control (n = 55). Conversely, those (n = 74), whose mothers did not maintain glycemic control and were not compliant to the management program, exhibited significantly lower levels of renal volumes and higher activity of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and cathepsin B. Differences due to maternal pre-gestational and gestational body mass index (BMI) as well as to maternal weight gain were demonstrated. Our findings indicate that a multidisciplinary approach, which involves an appropriate management of GDM, prevents the negative effects of GDM on the kidneys at 30–40 days of postnatal age, indicating the fundamental role of glycemic control, as well as of an adequate range of maternal weight gain. Total renal volume, cortical volume, and urinary activity of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and cathepsin B may be suggested as indicators for the early recognition of GDM neonates at long-term risk of hypertension and kidney disease
S-100a0 protein stimulates Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles.
No full textEarly improvement of glucose tolerance after ileal transposition in a non-obese type 2 diabetes rat model.
No full textBackground: Surgical operations which shorten the
intestinal tract between the stomach and the terminal
ileum result in an early improvement in type 2 diabetes,
and one possible explanation is the arrival of
undigested food in the terminal ileum. This study was
designed to evaluate the role of the distal ileum in the
improvement of glucose control in type 2 diabetic
patients who underwent bariatric surgery.
Methods: An ileal transposition (IT) to the jejunum
was performed in lean diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK)
rats. The IT was compared to sham-operated diabetic
rats and a control group of diabetic rats. Non-diabetic
controls were age-matched Sprague-Dawley (SD)
rats, which underwent IT and no operation. Food
intake and body weight were measured. An oral glucose
tolerance test (OGTT) was performed 10 days
before the operation and 10 days, 30 days and 45 days
after the surgery. GLP-1 and insulin were measured
during the OGTT 45 days after surgery. An insulin tolerance
test (ITT) was performed 50 days after surgery.
Results: Glucose tolerance improved in the IT diabetic
group compared with both the sham-operated
animals and control diabetic group 30 days and 45
days after surgery (P=0.029 and P=0.023, respectively).
Insulin sensitivity, as measured by an ITT, was
not significantly different between diabetic groups
and the normal groups respectively after surgery. No
differences in basal glucose and glucose tolerance
were noted between non-diabetic operated animals
and control non-diabetic rats. No differences were recorded between the diabetic rat groups and the nondiabetic
rats in terms of weight and food intake. GLP-
1 levels were significantly higher in the IT diabetic
group compared with the sham-operated rats (P=0.05).
Conclusions: Ileal transposition is effective in
inducing an improvement in glucose tolerance in lean
diabetic rats without affecting weight and food intake.
The possible mechanism underlying the early
improvement of diabetes after bariatric surgery may
be due to the action of the terminal ileum through an
insulin-independent action
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
