1,721,182 research outputs found
Healthcare reforms in the state teaching hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan: a multi-stakeholder perspective
No full textThis study examines the local government reforms embodied in the Medical Teaching Institution (MTI) Act of 2015 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (KP), Pakistan. The aim of the Act was to improve employee performance in the province’s public teaching hospitals, and this research explores the reforms from the perspectives of key stakeholders, especially with regard to the introduction of performance-related pay. This research fills gaps in the current body of knowledge on performance-related pay in developing countries and makes a significant addition to the few existing studies on this topic. It addresses the contradictory theoretical stance between the discourses of New Public Management and Public Service Motivation on performance-related pay in the public sector. The theoretical concepts are derived by integrating New Public Management, Institutional Theory, Public Service Motivation Theory and Cross-cultural Theory. The study uses a mico-meso-macro framework of analysis to investigate the actions and reactions of those affected by the reforms in three of the public teaching hospitals.The underlying philosophy is one of critical realism. Following the case study approach, a multiple case study involving three public teaching hospitals was designed. The data were collected in three phases from participants at the Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), Lady Reading Hospital (LRH) and Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC), Peshawar, KP, Pakistan. The respondents were doctors, ward managers, members of the boards of governance and the provincial health minister. The semi-structured interviews, as the main data collection tool, wereiicorroborated by participant observation, field notes, memo writing and MTI reforms documents.The MTI reforms were a political initiative by the newly elected government in KP province to address problems of performance, poor service structure and the corrupt appraisal system. Changes included decentralisation, autonomy, a new system of accountability and the introduction of performance-related pay in the case hospitals. Poor communication, conflict of interest, lack of consultation with local actors, poor planning and dismissive behaviour by the higher leadership were the main reasons for doctors’ resistance to the reforms. The research findings show that performance-related pay was acceptable to the study participants due to institutional and social realities in KP, Pakistan and that it did not undermine their public service motivation due to high professional standards and strong religious belief.The research makes a number of contributions. First, it provides rich empirical material on employees’ reactions to public-sector healthcare reform and offers valuable insight into how policy from a secular individualist culture can successfully integrate with a religious collectivist culture. Second, it addresses the contradictory stances of New Public Management and Public Service Motivation on performance-related pay in the public sector by taking an inter-disciplinary approach. Third, this research adds to the body of empirical research on public healthcare reform in a developing country, and fourth, it yields findings which, we hope, will inform and influence the academic community as well as public-sector policy-makers
Predicting and Explaining Hydropower Trends with Innovation Diffusion Models
Get PDFHydropower is an important renewable energy source that provides electricity and supports flood protection, irrigation, and access to clean water. This thesis analyses hydropower generation’s uptake and growth patterns in 43 countries, focusing on under-
standing the factors driving these trends. Bass diffusion model is used to examine how innovation and imitation contribute to the diffusion of hydropower energy, while also assessing the model’s limitations in capturing adoption dynamics in resource-constrained
or politically complex regions. To predict the future of this energy source, forecasting models such as ARIMA, Prophet, and the GGM were applied to the hydropower generation data for the period from 1965 to 2023. The analysis showed that the GGM consistently provided the most accurate predictions, outperforming both the Bass model and other methods. Regional differences were also evident, with some countries showing a greater reliance on social influence and imitation, while others showed innovation-driven growth.
The study also used clustering techniques to categorise countries based on their characteristics in the adoption of hydropower, identifying two distinct patterns. Countries in the first cluster displayed a strong tendency towards innovation-driven growth. The second cluster relied significantly on social and community influences. Statistical validation of these clusters confirmed the robustness of the findings.
Based on these findings, this research highlights the importance of tailoring strategies to specific regional conditions. Whether it involves fostering innovation, leveraging social influence, or improving infrastructure, hydropower adoption requires a nuanced
approach. Recommendations include sustained investment, supportive policies, and enhanced regional cooperation to maximize the potential of hydropower in driving the global energy transition
The continued silencing of Gayatri Spivak’s Subaltern: a critique of the elite nexus of NGOs, academia and corporations
No full textA generalization of Chebychev type inequalities for first differentiable mappings
Get PDFSET, ERHAN/0000-0003-1364-5396; Ahmad, Farooq/0000-0001-5240-5825WOS: 000300562100011In this paper, we improve and further generalize some Cebysev type inequalities involving functions whose derivatives belong to L-p spaces via certain integral identities
(k, s)-Riemann-Liouville fractional integral and applications
Get PDFAhmad, Farooq/0000-0001-5240-5825WOS: 000379031700009In this paper, we introduce a new approach on fractional integration, which generalizes the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral. We prove some properties for this new approach. We also establish some new integral inequalities using this new fractional integration
Back to the future revisited: a systematic literature review of performance-related pay in the public sector
Get PDFPerformance-related pay (PRP) has been part of public-sector pay structuresin the past four decades. Despite public administration scholars denouncingits use in the public sector, PRP is being increasingly implemented in publicorganizations worldwide. Notwithstanding controversy over its use in thepublic sector, the last decade has seen a huge surge in its adoption. In order to assess the theoretical, empirical, and scientific reasoning for this interest we analyze the existing literature in order to identify the emerging discussions in this area and to provide a systematic review that can be used as guidance for future research. The review highlights the gaps in our current knowledge of PRP in the public sector and identifies factors affecting its success that have emerged from new research over the last fourteen years. After identifying these, we propose a number of important pathways that future research might take in order for public organizations globally to design optimal PRP schemes
Forecasting Hydropower with Innovation Diffusion Models: A Cross-Country Analysis
Get PDFHydroelectric power is one of the most important renewable energy sources in the world. It currently generates more electricity than all other renewable technologies combined and, according to the International Energy Agency, it is expected to remain the world’s largest source of renewable electricity generation into the 2030s. Thus, despite the increasing focus on more recent energy technologies, such as solar and wind power, it will continue to play a critical role in energy transition. The management of hydropower plants and future planning should be ensured through careful planning based on the suitable forecasting of the future of this energy source. Starting from these considerations, in this paper, we examine the evolution of hydropower with a forecasting analysis for a selected group of countries. We analyze the time-series data of hydropower generation from 1965 to 2023 and apply Innovation Diffusion Models, as well as other models such as Prophet and ARIMA, for comparison. The models are evaluated for different geographical regions, namely the North, South, and Central American countries, the European countries, and the Middle East with Asian countries, to determine their effectiveness in predicting trends in hydropower generation. The models’ accuracy is assessed using Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Through this analysis, we find that, on average, the GGM outperforms the Prophet and ARIMA models, and is more accurate than the Bass model. This study underscores the critical role of precise forecasting in energy planning and suggests further research to validate these results and explore other factors influencing the future of hydroelectric generation
Modeling the Future of Hydroelectric Power: A Cross-Country Study
Get PDFThis paper examines the role of hydropower in the context of the energy transition, using innovation diffusion models. The study analyzes time series data of hydropower generation from 1965 to 2022 by applying diffusion models and some other models, such as Prophet and ARIMA, for comparison purposes. The models are evaluated across diverse geographic regions, including America, Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, to determine their effectiveness in predicting hydropower generation trends. The analysis reveals that the GGM consistently outperforms other models in accuracy across all regions. In most cases, the GGM exhibits better performance compared to the Bass, ARIMA, and Prophet models, highlighting its potential as a robust forecasting tool for hydropower generation. This study emphasizes the critical role of accurate forecasting in energy planning and calls for further research to validate these findings and explore additional factors influencing hydropower generation evolution
Building community resilience during COVID‐19: Learning from rural Bangladesh
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic has brought overwhelming challenges to developing countries which are already resource-constrained and lack adequate social safety nets. Specifically, lockdown has adversely impacted marginalized communities (e.g., labourer, fish wholesaler and small business owner) and informal sector employees who rely on meager daily wages for their survival. Set in the contested climate of the emergency response to the COVID-19 outbreak in Phulbari, Dinajpur, Bangladesh, we examine the early response of the community to the pandemic. Drawing on 24 in-depth interviews with members of this community, we find that the existing central and regional government structure has failed to deal with the crisis. Yet, we show how collective effort at the local community level, led by volunteers and community leaders, is crucial in the fight against hardship during lockdown
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