1,720,961 research outputs found
Exchange Rate Volatility, Inflation and Savings Behaviour: A Comparative Analysis of Political Era in Nigeria
Get PDFThe effect of exchange rate volatility and inflation on savings behaviour across political era in Nigeria was examined by comparing the civilian with the military era. This investigation is imperative to determine which regime performed better in terms of savings mobilisation and the economic condition that engender such performance. The study makes use of time series data from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin covering the period of 1984 to 2015 and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag technique was used in the estimation. The inferences were drawn at 5% significance level. It was found that exchange rate volatility boost savings in both the short and long run while inflation retards savings in the long run over the entire political era. The effects of exchange rate volatility and inflation on savings behaviour in Nigeria across the two political eras differs only in the long run. The need to maintain stable inflation to curb the hazardous effect of oil price shocks on inflation through the diversification of the country revenue base was suggested. Also, government needs to sustain civilian rule while also implementing policies that will stimulate savings.
Keywords: Political era, Savings, Exchange rate, Inflation, Volatility
The nexus between commodity terms and national terms of trade of Sub-Sahara African countries: implication for intersectoral linkage
Get PDFThis study investigates the relationship between national terms of trade (price of export relative to import) and commodity terms of trade (price of primary commodity relative to manufactured goods) using data on forty-eight (48) Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) countries. Data sourced from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) database and World Bank (WB) Development Indicator (WDI) was estimated via panel autoregressive distributed lag (panel-ARDL). The result provides evidence of a stable positive long-run relationship between commodity terms of trade and terms of trade of individual Sub-Sahara Africa countries. This implies that a decline in the relative price of primary commodity will result in a fall in aggregate terms of trade in the long run. The study submitted that commodity terms of trade is a useful indicator of the movement in the aggregate terms of trade of countries in Sub-Sahara Africa and the validity of Prebisch-Singer hypothesis (PSH). We recommend a big-push investment in the production and export of primary commodity since the trend in the terms of trade of primary commodity reflects the trend in the terms of trade of manufactured goods
Macroeconomic Determinants of Poverty in Nigeria: Econometric Assessment of Selected Variables
No full textNigeria is a nation of contradictions; it is a rich nation with poor people and there is widespread poverty amidst plenty. This study examined the relationship of selected macroeconomic variables (inequality, unemployment, inflation and fertility rate) with poverty in Nigeria for the period 1991 to 2022. It made use of Autoregressive Distributed Lag regression method and Granger causality test. The result shows that fertility as well as lagged values of inflation and unemployment are significantly related to poverty but inequality does not. In addition, out of these variables, it is only unemployment that Granger causes poverty and the relationship is weak. Consequently, it was concluded that fertility has significant impact on poverty in Nigeria; unemployment and inflation have delayed but significant impact on poverty, and poverty has significant impact on both fertility and unemployment. Inequality has no significant relationship with poverty. In line with the findings, it was recommended that poverty reduction strategies that emphasizes fertility education, labour intensive investment strategies and entrepreneurship development should be prioritized by relevant development actors such as the government and Civil Society Organisations
INVESTMENT IN ROAD TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA: A VECTOR ERROR CORRECTION MODEL APPROACH
Get PDFThe study examined the investment in road transport and economic growth in Nigeria and used secondary data by employing an ex-post facto research design, using time series data for 1980-2015 on public infrastructure expenditure, exchange rate, and inflation rate measured by the consumer price index. The data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin (2017), National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and World Development Indicators (2017). Co-integration econometric techniques were applied in the analysis of the long-run equilibrium relationship or co-integration test confirmed the existence of a long-run relationship with Max-Eigen values of two co-integrating equations (Me = 40.98, P<0.05); while the trace statistic values showed three co-integrating equations (ts = 27.13, P<0.05). The value of -0.21 of the coefficient error correction term suggested that road transport infrastructure investment and economic growth would converge towards its long-run equilibrium at a moderate speed after the fluctuation. The results further revealed that a unit per cent change in road transport investment would positively change economic growth by 0.22 per cent at a 5% significance level
EFFECTS OF POPULATION GROWTH AND URBANIZATION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
Get PDFThe uncontrollable population growth and urbanization rates in Nigeria is empirically contrary to the Malthus population and Haris-Todaro propositions. Thus, this motivated this study on the effects of population growth, urbanization, and economic growth in Nigeria. Secondary annual datasets from 1980 to 2019 were sourced from the World Development Indicators (WDI), the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (CBN). To achieve the specific objectives, the OLS estimation techniques employed are Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS), and granger causality to test the causal direction of the model variables. While the ARDL estimates the short-run and long-run impact, the FMOLS estimates the long-run effects of population growth and urbanization on economic growth. Lastly, the granger causality test helps to identify the policy directions in this study. Findings revealed that population growth has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in both the short-run and long-run, while urbanization has a negative and insignificant effect on economic growth in the short-run and the long-run over the study periods. Therefore, the study recommended that government policy should be directed to improve the active population growth to spur economic growth through a quality education system. Also, Urbanization Policy should be guided to maximize the benefits rather than the current challenges posed like increasing Urban Unemployment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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