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Influence of pasture on goat milk fatty acids and Stearoyl-CoA desaturase expression in milk sommatic cells
No full textThe effect of pasture fatty acid profile along the year on the Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) expression was evaluated over 5 months using 30 pluriparous goats, delivered in February. The animals had free access to pasture constituted by 60% Leguminosae and 40% Gramineae, and received 500g/head/day of concentrate. From the second half of April, goats were milked twice a day for 5 months. Daily milk yield was recorded and, monthly, representa- tive individual milk and pasture samples were analysed for chemical composition and fatty acid profile. The SCD expression was studied by extraction of mRNA from milk somatic cells and analysed by RT-PCR. Average milk yield, fat and protein were 1420 (g/d), 4.45 (%) and 3.62 (%), respectively. Milk yield decreased along the lactation (P < 0.01) while milk fat was higher in August. Milk total CLA showed the highest levels (P < 0.01) in June and August (mg/100 g fat: 0.98 and 1.21, respectively) as consequence of the highest levels of pasture C18:2 and C18:3 in June (% of total FA: 34.1 and 42.7, respectively) and August (% of total FA: 42.7 and 46.3, respectively). The grazing season as well as lactation stage affected the SCD mRNA abundance determined from milk somatic cells with values (arbitrary units) that progressively decreased from April (1.95) until June (1.40), increased in July (1.70) and decreased again in August (0.83)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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