1,720,973 research outputs found
Un rol para Th17 en las enfermedades respiratorias
Get PDFLas células T-helper 17 (Th17) son un nuevo subconjunto de las células T-helper CD4 , caracterizadas principalmente por la producción de interleuquina 17 (IL-17A). Las funciones de las células Th17 en numerosas enfermedades infecciosas y autoinmunes han comenzado a ser clarificadas. La respuesta Th17 es importante en la defensa contra muchos microorganismos, pero también pueden contribuir a la inmunopatología. Este trabajo presenta los avances en el tema.T-helper 17 (Th17) cells are a new CD4 helper subset mainly characterized by interleukin 17 (IL-17A) production. The functions of Th17 cells in several infectious and autoimmune diseases have recently started to be clarified. Th17 immune response is important for the defense against many microorganisms but they can also contribute to immunopathology. This work presents the new advances in the field.Fil: Acosta, Patricio Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
How can young scientists influence and shape science policy in their homes and across the globe?
Get PDFAlthough policy making is generally thought to be the responsibility ofexperienced and senior bureaucrats, the voice of the younger generationand, in particular, the voice of early-career scientists is valuableto consider. History has repeatedly been shaped as the result of theactions of youth. Young people are among the creators of the greatreligions, the founders of civilizations, the heroes of our republics, and the innovators in the fields of art, science and technology. Take Albert Einstein, who at the age of 37, published the general theory of relativity. The energy, creativity, enthusiasm, and general open-mindedness that characterize early-career scientists equip them with the ability to pave the path for change in the area of science-based policy making, both locally and around the globe.Fil: Acosta, Patricio Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Chaganti, S.. No especifíca;Fil: Dumre, S.. No especifíca;Fil: Ezizuzor, S.. No especifíca;Fil: Karczerska Golec, J.. No especifíca;Fil: Newire, E.. No especifíca;Fil: Buhiyan, T.. No especifíca;Fil: Allibhoy, S.. No especifíca
Brief History and Characterization of Enhanced Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease
Get PDFIn 1967, infants and toddlers immunized with a formalin-inactivated vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) experienced an enhanced form of RSV disease characterized by high fever, bronchopneumonia, and wheezing when they became infected with wild-type virus in the community. Hospitalizations were frequent, and two immunized toddlers died upon infection with wild-type RSV. The enhanced disease was initially characterized as a "peribronchiolar monocytic infiltration with some excess in eosinophils." Decades of research defined enhanced RSV disease (ERD) as the result of immunization with antigens not processed in the cytoplasm, resulting in a nonprotective antibody response and CD4(+) T helper priming in the absence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This response to vaccination led to a pathogenic Th2 memory response with eosinophil and immune complex deposition in the lungs after RSV infection. In recent years, the field of RSV experienced significant changes. Numerous vaccine candidates with novel designs and formulations are approaching clinical trials, defying our previous understanding of favorable parameters for ERD. This review provides a succinct analysis of these parameters and explores criteria for assessing the risk of ERD in new vaccine candidates.Fil: Acosta, Patricio Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación Infant; ArgentinaFil: Caballero, Mauricio Tomás. Fundación Infant; ArgentinaFil: Polack, Fernando Pedro. University Medical Center; Estados Unidos. Fundación Infant; Argentin
Alcohol during pregnancy worsens acute respiratory infections in children
Get PDFAim: This study explored whether alcohol consumption during pregnancy increased the risk of life-threatening respiratory infections in children.Methods: We prospectively evaluated children under the age of two years admitted to hospitals in Buenos Aires, Argentina, with severe acute respiratory infections during the winters of 2011 and 2012. Information on maternal alcohol consumption during the third trimester of pregnancy was collected using standardised questionnaires and categorised as never, low if it was once a week and high if it was equal or more than once a week.Results: Of the 3423 children hospitalised with acute respiratory infection, 2089 (63.7%) had respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Alcohol consumption during the last trimester was reported by 398 mothers (12.4%) and categorised as low (n = 210, 6.5%) or high (n = 188, 5.9%). A greater effect on life-threatening respiratory infection, defined as oxygen saturation of or up to 87%, was observed with higher alcohol intake due to all viruses and specifically RSV in the logistic regression analyses. Alcohol consumption was strongly associated with life-threatening disease, particularly in boys whose adjusted odds ratio rose from 3.67 to 13.52 when their mothers drank alcohol.Conclusion: Alcohol consumption during pregnancy was associated with life-threatening respiratory infections in boys.Fil: Libster, Romina Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; Argentina. Vanderbilt University; Estados UnidosFil: Ferolla, Fausto M.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Hijano, Diego R.. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; Argentina. Vanderbilt University; Estados UnidosFil: Acosta, Patricio Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Erviti, Anabella. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Polack, Fernando Pedro. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; Argentina. Vanderbilt University; Estados Unido
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
