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Suivi de la production de l'essence par le procede de refomage catalytique CRU
Get PDFRésumé
L’objectif de ce travail était le suivi de la production de l’essence par le procédé de
reformage catalytique (CRU) au niveau de la raffinerie d’Adrar RA1D. Cette dernière joue un rôle
important dans la production d’essence pour répondre aux besoins de la région sud-ouest de
l’Algérie (Adrar, Béchar, Tindouf et Tamanrasset). L’unité de reformage catalytique (U202) est la
base de la raffinerie d’Adrar, qui s’intéresse à augmenter et améliorer la qualité de l’essence pour
avoir un indice d’octane élevé (NO=95).
D’après les résultats obtenus des différentes analyses effectuées au laboratoire de la
raffinerie sur la charge et les produits finaux du reformage catalytique (CRU), il a été conclue que
l’essence produite au sein de la raffinerie d’ADRAR est une essence de qualité requise sans l’ajout
de plomb tétra éthyle ou tétra méthyle utilisés par les autres raffineries du territoire national pour
élever l’indice d’octane. Cette essence est de ce fait donc une essence sans plomb et préserve
l’environnement des effets néfaste de ce dernier.
Abstract
The aim of this work was to monitor the gasoline production through the stimulus
reform process (CRU) at the Adrar RA1D refinery. The latter plays an important role in the
production of gasoline to meet the needs of the southwestern region of Algeria (Adrar, Bashar,
Tindouf and Tamanrasset). The Motivational Purification Unit (U202) is the basis of the Adrar
refinery, which is interested in increasing and improving the quality of gasoline to obtain a high
octane number (NO = 95).
According to results obtained from various analyses conducted at the refinery
laboratory on shipment and final products for catalytic reconfiguration (CRU), it was concluded
that gasoline produced within the ADRAR refinery is high-quality gasoline. No fourth-ethyl or
tetra methyl lead used by other refineries on national territory is required to raise the octane
number. So this gasoline is lead-free gasoline and protects the environment from the harmful
effects of the latter.
ملخص
وكان الهدف من هذا العمل رصد انتاج البنزين عن طريق عملية اإلصالح المحفزة CRU في مصفاة ادرار
RA1D .ويؤدي هذا األخير دورا هاما في إنتاج البنزين لتلبية احتياجات المنطقة الجنوبية الغربية من الجزائر )أدرار وبشار
وتندوف وتمنراست(. وحدة اإلصالح المحفزة (U202 (هي أساس مصفاة أدرار، التي تهتم بزيادة وتحسين جودة البنزين
للحصول على تصنيف عالي لألوكتان(95 = NO . (
ا إلى نتائج مختلف التحليالت التي أجريت في مختبر التكرير بشأن الرسوم والمنتجات النهائية لإلصالح التحفيزي )
ستنادا CRUً ،)
استنتج أن البنزين المنتج في مصفاة ADRAR هو بنزين عالي الجودة مطلوب دون إضافة رباعي إيثيل أو رباعي ميثيل
الرصاص الذي تستخدمه مصافي أخرى في اإلقليم الوطني لرفع تصنيف األوكتان. ونتيجة لذلك، فهي خالية من الرصا ص
وتحافظ على البيئة من اثارها الضارة
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Effet des agents de liaison Résorcinol Formaldéhyde et Hexa-methoxy-méthyl- mélamine sur l'adhérence du caoutchouc et textile trempé
Get PDFRésumé :
Ce travail est le fruit d’un stage de trois mois au sein de la société nommé EURL SATEREX (IRIS pneumatique) qui situe dans la zone industrielle dans la wilaya de Sétif. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié l’effet des agents de liaison Résorcinol Formaldéhyde et Hexa-methoxy- méthyl-mélamine sur l’adhérence du caoutchouc et du câble textiles trempé. Dans cette étude nous avons préparées quatre formules caoutchouteuses, ensuite, nous avons faits plusieurs tests à savoir la viscosité Mooney, vulcanisation, Traction, dureté, densité et des tests d’adhésion. L’ensemble des tests de contrôle de qualité des matériaux préparés nous a permet de comprendre le mécanisme de la réticulation de caoutchouc naturel et synthétique avec les quels de la recette pour obtenir un caoutchouc de bonnes propriétés physiques, mécaniques et rhéologiques.
La présence des agents de liaison dans la formulation des mélanges caoutchouteux a montré une très bonne adhésion entre le caoutchouc et le textile.
Mots clés : Formulation, Caoutchouc, Résorcinol Formaldéhyde et Hexa-methoxy-méthyl- mélamine, Adhésion, caractérisation.
Abstract
This work is the result of a three-month internship within the company called EURL SATEREX (IRIS pneumatics) which is located in the industrial zone in the wilaya of Sétif. In this work, we studied the effect of the bonding agents Resorcinol Formaldehyde and Hexa- methoxy-methyl-melamine on the adhesion of rubber and dipped textile cable. In this study we prepared four rubber mixtures, then we carried out different tests namely Mooney viscosity, vulcanization, Traction, hardness, density and adhesion tests. All the quality control tests on the materials prepared allow us to understand the mechanism of crosslinking natural and synthetic rubber with the various other materials in the recipe to obtain a rubber with good physical, mechanical and rheological properties.
The presence of bonding agents in the formulation of rubber mixtures showed very good adhesion between rubber and textile.
Key words: Formulation, Rubber, Resorcinol Formaldehyde and Hexa-methoxy-methyl- melamine, Adhesion, characterization
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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