1,720,955 research outputs found
Reproductive Rights and Religious Ethics: The Legal Status of Artificial Insemination under the Nigerian Constitution and Islamic Law
Get PDFIslamic law allows assisted reproduction through certain conditions, based on independent juristic reasoning, if the process does not conflict with the core values of Islamic law. Artificial insemination exists as a controversial practice in Nigeria because it meets resistance from conflicting laws and moral codes of Islamic teachings. Nigerian Muslim couples dealing with infertility face a dilemma when medical technology provides artificial insemination because religious and legal guidelines remain unclear. Does artificial insemination pass Islamic Law standards? What is the legal status of a child resulting from artificial insemination procedures? This paper demystifies the legal position of artificial insemination practice within Nigerian law and Islamic jurisprudence. Islamic scholars who grant permission for married couples to use their biological material for reproduction at the same time condemn outside sperm and egg donations because they fear these practices will distort genetic lines. Nigerian law lacks clarity regarding the new technologies used by Assisted Reproductive Technology in defining who qualifies as a parent. Section 25(1)(b)2 of the Nigerian constitution recognizes heterosexual relationships as conventional parenthood. Nonetheless, that is a precarious assumption as it implies that there are no legal stances for children conceived through non-natural methods. The paper uses doctrinal research methodology to investigate assisted reproduction issues by studying both Nigerian regulatory frameworks together with Islamic Jurisprudential views. The results show that the lack of definite laws leads to unclear situations which demand quick legal adjustments to resolve the conflict. The paper calls for new laws to support Nigerian and religious perspectives.
Street Begging Among Muslims in Ibadan — On Islam and Social Manners
No full textAlmsgiving/charity is one of the pillars of Islam and highly recommended as a duty, however begging as a profession is totally prohibited. However, some segments of the Muslim community have exploited the Islamic window of benevolence by turning themselves into perpetual beggars. This paper examined the socio-cultural as well as religio-social effects of begging among Muslims and how the two have impacted the image of Islam and Muslims in a contemporary plural society such as Nigeria. The paper focused on the carefree attitude of both the government and the people towards the beautification and environmental sanitation system of the city of Ibadan. It interrogated the environmental degradation and the menace that beggars constantly constitute. It used structured interviews to elicit data from selected beggars from three locations in Ibadan. The paper sought to know: why poverty is synonymous with Muslims; what mechanisms are in place by Islam to deal with poverty within the Muslim community and how these mechanisms have impacted the lives of Muslims; and to what extent Muslims can engage in begging
THE HISTORICAL APPLICATION OF ISLAMIC INHERITANCE LAW IN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA
Get PDFResearch Problem: Islamic inheritance law is a divinely ordained legal framework crucial to Muslim societies, yet its administration in South-West Nigeria has faced historical and socio-legal challenges. The research problem addressed in this study is the marginalisation of Islamic inheritance law under colonial and postcolonial legal frameworks, and how Yoruba Muslims have sustained its practice despite constitutional and procedural constraints.
Methodology/Theory: The study employed a historical-analytical methodology grounded in legal pluralism theory. It drew on primary Islamic legal texts, archival materials, colonial records and secondary scholarly literature to trace the trajectory of Islamic inheritance law from pre-colonial times to the present.
Results: Findings revealed that although the colonial and postcolonial governments in South-West Nigeria systematically excluded Sharīʿah from the official legal system, Yoruba Muslims maintained the administration of inheritance law through resilient and adaptive mechanisms. Institutions such as mosque-based mediation councils, fatwa houses, Muslim organisations and Sharīʿah Arbitration Panels (SAP) have provided platforms for dispute resolution. These institutions now operate under Nigeria’s constitutional guarantees of religious freedom and provisions for alternative dispute resolution.
Conclusion: The study concludes that the resilience of Yoruba Muslim communities has enabled the continuity of Islamic inheritance law despite systemic marginalisation. Their efforts illustrate the adaptability of Sharīʿah principles within plural legal systems.
Key Contribution to Knowledge: The study demonstrates how Yoruba Muslim communities have sustained Islamic inheritance law through informal yet legitimate institutions, thereby enriching debates on legal pluralism, resilience, and the accommodation of Islamic law in postcolonial African societies.
Recommendation: The study recommends that policymakers in South-West Nigeria should formally recognise Sharīʿah law, strengthen the training of Muslim jurists, and foster collaboration between customary, Islamic and statutory legal practitioners to ensure equitable inheritance distribution among Muslim families
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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