1,721,008 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Development of ginger essential oils-nanobactericides for controlling bacterial leaf blight disease of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Get PDFThe bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) have
been found to be the major rice disease that causes significant loss of yield upon
infection. The susceptible plants can result in the production losses of up to 50%.
Scientists and farmers are increasingly paying more attention to the development of
plant-based nanobactericides for disease management in order to lessen overdependence
on chemical pesticides. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted in order to
promote this development. These experiments concentrated on the extraction and
characterization of the phytochemical compounds found in ginger essential oils (EOs),
the suppression of the development of Xoo biofilm, and microscopic examinations. It
was followed by nanobactericide evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Xoo. Three
blocks were made for each treatment and three plants per replicate in a completely
randomized block design. The essential oils (EOs) were extracted from fresh ginger
rhizomes using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus by hydro-distillation, which were
purchased from local producers in Bentong, Pahang. The chemical compositions of the
EOs were then discovered and profiled using the analytical techniques of gas
chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS) and headspace procedures. Chemical
compounds present in the EOs were monoterpenes such as trans-caryophyllene,
camphene, geranial, eucalyptol, and neral, as well as sesquiterpene hydrocarbons mainly
α-zingiberene, ar-curcumene, β-bisabolene, β-sesquiphellandrene which differ in their
composition and concentrations. Food poisoned and disc diffusion techniques were
applied on the tested pathogens to determine the percentage inhibition of fungal mycelial
and bacterial growth inhibition, respectively. The EOs produced mycelial growth
inhibition in all the test fungal pathogens which include (Fusarium oxysporum,
Pyricularia oryzae, Colletotrichum falcatum, Ganoderma boninense, and Rigidoporus
microporus Fusarium oxysporum, Pyricularia oryzae, Colletotrichum falcatum,
Ganoderma boninense, and Rigidoporus microporus) after five days of incubation. The
minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentrations
(MFC) of the EOs on the tested fungi were in the range of 1- 3 μL/mL and 5-6 μL/mL,
respectively. The bacterial growth of all the tested isolates (Xanthomonas oryzae pv.
oryzae- strain A, X. oryzae pv. oryzae- strain B, Ralstonia solanacearum, Bacillus sp.
and Klebsiella sp.) was also affected by EOs at 100-500 μL/mL, from weak to strong
antibacterial activity. The inhibition zone of positive control (streptomycin) at 15 μg/disc
was 25.00 mm and appeared to be efficient. The MIC values of the EOs were in the range
of 100 μL/mL to 200 μL/mL. The LC50 value resulting from exposure to the EOs varied
among fungal and bacterial pathogens. Metabolomics analysis to concurrently quantify
variability among multiple compounds in the data sets and identify such compounds
responsible for the Xoo inhibition were determined. The cross validated PLS model has
shown a strong correlation between ginger EOs and bioactivity. The action of ginger EOs
on the cell structure of Xoo was fully identified using scanning electron microscope
(SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and confocal laser scanning
microscope (CLSM) as well as biofilm formation. It was done by observing the changes
in morphology and integrity of Xoo cells. The Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment
(control) showed a normal rod shape cell, while treatment with the ginger EOs showed
irregular shape with sunken surfaces, and treatment with antibiotics display abnormal
growth of the cells. The ginger EOs display a wide range of activity against the pathogen.
The biofilm of the Xoo strain has been formed. The EOs showed different optical density
values measured due to the formation of Xoo biofilms and the inhibition percentage of
Xoo biofilm. The results showed that the control (broth containing untreated Xoo cells)
had the highest mean optical density value with a strong biofilm formation (2.459 O.D),
followed by 31.25 μL/mL treatment. The inhibition percentage showed that the
maximum inhibition was 76.33% at a concentration of 500 μL/mL. When the
concentration of EOs was decreased, the Xoo biofilm inhibition declined. Problems of
volatility, solubility, and stability of EOs lead to the use nanotechnology via
nanoemulsions approach. The preparation of nano-emulsion of ginger EOs have
prepared. A ternary phase diagram (TPD) was developed using a low-energy method
based on nonionic surfactant Tween 20, water, and EOs as the active ingredient. Four
formulations of nanobactericides coded as A1, A2, A3 and A4 were chosen from the
single-phase ternary phase diagram for preliminary screening after constructing TPD.
They were tested for their stability and thermostability over time at 54°C and 28°C.
Finally, A4- is the best formulation that displays a single, low viscous and watery phase
that is stable following physiochemical property measures. Usage of the developed
nanobactericides have been applied both in- vitro and in-vivo to evaluate its efficiency
to the pathogens. The in-vitro antibacterial activity of the nanobactericides was measured
by the presence or absence of inhibition zones. The growth of the tested pathogens was
affected by the different concentration of the formulation ranging from 50-125 μL/mL.
The findings showed significant antibacterial activity against Xoo, Bulkholderia glumae
Ralstonia solanacearum, and least effective against Erwinia chrysanthemi at higher
concentrations. Glasshouse application showed that the disease symptoms decrease more
gradually to nanobactericides due to its phytoconstituents. Three concentrations of
formulation were tested containing 75, 100, and 125 μL/mL. Findings of research
revealed that treatment 125 μL/mL was the best treatment based on suppression of
disease severity index, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) value as well as
plant height, physiological and yield parameters when compared to the positive control.
In conclusion, developed nanobactericides could be used as a new antimicrobial agent in
suppressing the growth of Xoo in-vitro and suppress disease severity index of bacterial
leaf blight disease in-vivo trials and as a promising new alternative to synthetic
bactericides
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