202,799 research outputs found
Benthophilus persicus Kovacic, Esmaeili, Zarei, Abbasi & Schliewen 2021
No full text16. Benthophilus persicus Kovačić, Esmaeili, Zarei, Abbasi & Schliewen, 2021 (Fig. 13), Persian Tadpole Goby Benthophilus persicus Kovačić, Esmaeili, Zarei, Abbasi & Schliewen, 2021: 47, figs. 2–7; type locality: off Anzali, South Caspian Sea, Gilan Province, Iran, 37°29’N, 49°29’E; holotype: ZSM 47595, male, 55.1 mm TL, paratypes: PMR VP4679, VP4680, VP4681, VP4682, VP4683, ZM-CBSU 5003-128, 5001-1, 5003-60, 5022- 23, 5024-1, 5003-77; ZSM 47596, 47597, 47598, 47599, additional material: ZM-CBSU S003-17 (21), ZMCBSU S003-112–113 (2), ZM-CBSU S003-115 (1), ZM-CBSU S003-134 – 135 (2). Etymology: Named for Persia, the historic region of southwestern Asia that is associated with the area that is now Iran. Distribution and habitat: This species is abundant on sandy bottoms in coastal areas of western South Caspian Sea (Fig. 8C). Eurybathic, depth ranges usually from 6– 70 m. However, no specimens have yet been collected in the eastern part of the South Caspian Sea (Kovačić et al. 2021). Material examined: PMR, ZM-CBSU, and ZSM (type material), plus additional non-type material (Kovačić et al. 2021); ZM-CBSU S003, 116, off Anzali; ZM-CBSU S016, 25, off Astara; ZM-CBSU S022, 30, off Chaboksar; ZM-CBSU S024, 1, & ZM-CBSU S025, 81, off Chamkhaleh; ZM-CBSU S026, 4, Shafaroud mouth; ZMCBSU S029, 3, off Talesh, Gilan Province, Iran. IUCN: NE.Published as part of Zarei, Fatah, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Abbasi, Keyvan, Kovačić, Marcelo, Schliewen, Ulrich K. & Stepien, Carol A., 2022, Gobies (Teleostei: Gobiidae) of the oldest and deepest Caspian Sea sub-basin: an evidence-based annotated checklist and a key for species identification, pp. 151-193 in Zootaxa 5190 (2) on pages 168-169, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5190.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/712006
Demography of Refugee and Forced Migration
No full textGraeme Hugo, Mohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi, Ellen Percy Kraly (Editors
Experimental study on the high-velocity impact behavior of sandwich structures with an emphasis on the layering effects of foam core
No full textIn this study, the effects of the core layering of sandwich structures, as well as arrangements of these layers on the ballistic resistance of the structures under high-velocity impact, were investigated. Sandwich structures consist of aluminum face-sheets (AL-1050) and polyurethane foam core with different densities. Three sandwich structures with a single-layer core of different core densities and four sandwich structures with a four-layer core of different layers arrangements were constructed. Cylindrical steel projectiles with hemispherical nose, 8 mm diameter and 20 mm length were used. The projectile impact velocity range was chosen from 180 to 320 m/s. Considering constant mass and total thickness for the core, the results of the study showed that the core layering increases the ballistic limit velocity of the sandwich structures. The ballistic limit velocity of the panels with a four-layer core of different arrangements, compared to the panel with the single-layer core, is higher from 5% to 8%. Also, for the single-layer core structure, by increasing the core density, the ballistic limit velocity was increased. Different failure mechanisms such as plugging, petaling and dishing occurred for the back face-sheet. The dishing area diameter of back face-sheets was proportional to the ballistic resistance of each sandwich structure
High-velocity impact behavior of sandwich structures with AL faces and foam cores—Experimental and numerical study
No full textIn this research, the effect of layering of the foam core of sandwich structures with aluminum face-sheets (AL-1050) and also arrangements of these layers on the ballistic resistance of the structures under high-velocity impact were investigated experimentally and numerically. Three single-layer core sandwich structures and four sandwich structures with four-layer core were considered with a total fixed volume (90 ⁎ 90 ⁎ 63 mm3). These structures were impacted by a hemispherical nose cylindrical steel projectile of 20 mm length and 8 mm diameter. The impact velocity range was chosen from 188.7 to 322.6 m/s. The results of this study revealed that, considering constant core mass and total thickness, the core layering increases the ballistic limit velocity of the sandwich structures, so that the ballistic limit velocity of the sandwich structures with four-layer core, with different arrangements of layers, compared to the single-layer core structure is 5 to 8 percent higher, on average. Also, experimental and numerical results are in good agreement. In this research, the effect of parameters such as the sandwich structure core, the thickness of the face-sheets, the projectile nose geometry, the projectile diameter and mass on the ballistic limit velocity were investigated. The study showed that the removal of the core from the sandwich structure led to a 32% reduction in ballistic limit velocity. Increasing the thickness of the back face-sheet (with the constant total thickness of the two face-sheets) increases the ballistic limit velocity by more than 6%. Compared to flat nose projectile, the ballistic limit velocity of a hemispherical nose and conical nose projectiles are respectively 9.5 and 15.6% less. Considering a constant projectile mass, with an increase of 12.5 and 25% in its diameter, the ballistic limit velocity was increased by 6.5 and 14.4%, respectively, and by decreasing the diameter by 5 and 10%, the ballistic limit velocity dropped 7.9% and 13.5%, respectively. Assuming a fixed initial kinetic energy, the increase in the mass of the projectile also reduced the ballistic limit velocity, so that by increasing the 14 and 46.1% of the projectile mass, the ballistic limit velocity was reduced by 8.5 and 18.3%, respectively
Correction to: Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) concentration and health risk assessment of aerosols dust in Nicosia, North Cyprus (Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, (2024), 333, 3, (1073-1082), 10.1007/s10967-023-09346-w)
No full textThe article “Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) concentration and health risk assessment of aerosols dust in Nicosia, North Cyprus”, written by Hesham M. H. Zakaly, Akbar Abbasi, Nouf Almousa and Ahmet Savaşan, was originally published Online First without Open Access. After publication in volume 333, issue 3, page 1073–1082, the author decided to opt for Open Choice and to make the article an Open Access publication. Therefore, the copyright of the article has been changed t
Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematode, Steinernema abbasi PN-1 against Helicoverpa armigera Hubner
No full textThe experiment was conducted during May 2022 at College of Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, U. S. Nagar, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. The Steinernema abbasi PN-1 is a local isolate of entomopathogenic nematode isolated from the soil collected from Uttarakhand, India. Under the present study, virulenceof Steinernema abbasi PN-1 against different stages of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner were tested. Virulence studies of S. abbasi PN-1 against H. armigera proved that all larval stages and pupae of H. armigera were found susceptible to the IJs of S. abbasi PN-1. There was a positive correlation between insect mortality and the nematode concentration. The S. abbasi PN-1 caused 100% larval mortality at 48–60 h of post treatment in all tested doses in laboratory. Among the larval instars, 4th instar larvae of H. armigera were more susceptible with a median lethal concentration (LC50) value of 24.37 IJs larva-1 and the median lethal time (LT50) values of 25.63 hours. The 2nd instar larvae was least susceptible with an LC50 value of 78.96 IJs larva-1 and LT50 values of 41.33 hours. The pupal stage was less susceptible than the larval stage with the LC50 value of 98.3 IJs larva-1. Our results showed that S. abbasi PN-1 can be used as efficient biological control agents against H. armigera with further field studies
Üçüncü Abbasi Asrında Nesir sanatı ve Öncüleri
No full textBu çalışmada, yaklaşık dört asırlık bir dönemi kapsayan Abbasi medeniyetinin adeta bir yansıması olan nesir sanatı ele alınmıştır. Merkezi halifelik döneminden emirlikler ve devletçikler dönemine geçiş aşaması sayılabilecek Üçüncü Abbasi Asrı (334-447 h. / 945-1055 m.), klasik Arap nesir sanatının zirve yaptığı bir dönem olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Samaniler, Ziyârîler, Tâhirîler ve özellikle 60 yıl Bağdat merkezinde hüküm süren Buveyhîler gibi Fars kökenli emirliklerin bu dönemde siyaset sahnesinde yer alması edebî açıdan da Abbasî kültürüne zenginlik ve çeşitlilik katmıştır. Çünkü bu dönemde Arapça yazan Fars asıllı yazarlar Sâsânîlerden kalma köklü bir devlet geleneği olan yazışma kültürünü Arap edebiyatına aktarmışlardır. Kuşkusuz bu, Arap nesrinin gelişmesine önemli katkı sağlamıştır.In this study, the art of the prose which covers a period of nearly four centuries and becomes a reflection of the Abbasid civilization is discussed. The third Abbasid century (334-447. h. / 945-1055 m.), calls attention as the art of classical Arabic prose. During this period, Emirates such as Samanies and Zıyaries and Tahırıes, and especially the Emirate of Buvayhi who ruled for nearly 60 years in central of Baghdad has added richness and diversity to Abbasid culture because Persian writers who wrote in Arabic have transferred correspondence culture which was a rooted state tradition from the Sassanids to Arabic literature in this period. Undoubtedly, this made a significant contribution to the development of Arabic prose.</p
Benthophilus persicus Kovačić & Esmaeili & Zarei & Abbasi & Schliewen 2021, sp. nov.
No full textBenthophilus persicus sp. nov. (Figs 2–10, Table 1) Holotype. ZSM 47595, male, 45.2+ 9.9 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°29’ N 49°29’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 01 Apr. 2004 (Fig. 4a). Paratypes. ZSM 47596, female, 45.8+ 9.7 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°31’ N 49°30’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 18 Nov. 2002. ZSM 47597, juvenile male, 30.4+ 7.6 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°36’ N 49°29’ E, K. Abbasi & M. Tavakoli, 06 Jan. 2004. ZSM 47599, female, 30.8+7.0 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°36’ N 49°29’ E, K. Abbasi & M. Tavakoli, 05 Jan. 2004 (Fig. 4c). ZSM 47598, juvenile female, 27.5+ 6.4 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°36’ N 49°29’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 01 Nov. 2002. ZM-CBSU 5003-128, female, 30.9+ 8.2 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°36’ N 49°29’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 09 Jan. 2004. ZM-CBSU 5001-1, female, 35.1+8.1, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°29’ N 49°29’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, Nov. 2002. ZM-CBSU 5003-60, juvenile female, 25.4+ 6.1 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°31’ N 49°30’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, Nov. 2002. ZM-CBSU 5022-23, female, 26.0+5.9, Iran, Gilan Province, Chaboksar, southern Caspian Sea, 37°01’ N 50°34’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 18 Nov. 2015. ZM-CBSU 5024-1, female, 23.7+ 5.3 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Chamkhaleh, southern Caspian Sea, 37°30’ N 49°55’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 09 Nov. 2002. ZM-CBSU 5003-77, female, 25.1+ 6.3 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°29’ N 49°29’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 01 Nov. 2002. PMR VP4679 male, 43.3+10.0 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Chaboksar, southern Caspian Sea, 37°01’ N 50°34’ E, K. Abbasi & A. Sarapnah, 01 Mar. 2005. PMR VP4680, male, 47.0+ 8.6 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°31’ N 49°30’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 09 Mar. 2003. PMR VP4681 male, 35.1+ 8.5 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°29’ N 49°29’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 01 Mar. 2003. PMR VP4682, female, 30.4+ 7.4 mm, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°29’ N 49°29’ E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 17 Sep. 2002. PMR VP4683, female, 34.2 mm, caudal fin damaged, Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea, 37°35’ N 49°29’ E, K. Abbasi & A. Sarapnah, 01 Jan. 2004. Additional material. ZM-CBSU S003-17, 21 specimens, 31.7–47.3 mm SL, 37°37’46.71” N 49°33’55.10” E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 09 Mar. 2003. ZM-CBSU S003-112–113, ZM-CBSU S003-115, 3 specimens, 38.2–40.1 mm SL, 37°37’46.71” N 49°33’55.10” E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 05 Jan. 2004. ZM-CBSU S003- 134–135, 2 specimens, 33.5–40.8 mm SL, 37°37’46.71” N 49°33’55.10” E, K. Abbasi & S. Abdolmaleki, 10 Jan. 2004. All additional material was collected from Iran, Gilan Province, Anzali, southern Caspian Sea. Diagnosis. Benthophilus persicus is distinguished from all other congeneric species by: (1) dermal fold behind jaws well-developed, large, rectangular, (2) chin barbel of moderate size, 1/3–2/3 of eye diameter, (3) maximum body width 15.1–22.9% of SL, (4) mouth width 36.3–55.8% of head length, (5) second dorsal fin I+7–8; (6) origin of anal fin in front of vertical through origin of second dorsal fin, (7) dermal tubercles present, clearly larger than granules, with two posterior rows of spinules forming an acute, always less than right angle, (8) dorsal row of tubercles complete, 22– 29, (9) ventral row of tubercles 22–25, (10) ventrolateral row of tubercles absent, (11) tubercles not present on temporal and occipital head regions, (12) granules not present on flanks, (13) transversal suborbital row 6i below posterior end of row b, (14) anterior interorbital transversal row pa with one or two papillae and anterior interorbital transversal row pp with two or three papillae, and (15) body with 20–22 transversal ltm rows starting anteriorly behind pectoral axilla and alternating anteriorly with three longitudinal llm rows (characters presented in the order of appearance in the description). Each of the selected diagnostic characters differentiate the new species from between 4 to 15 Benthophilus species. Considering only these selected fifteen diagnostic characters, the new species differs from congeneric species in a range from at least five characters (from B. durrelli Boldyrev & Bogutskaya, 2004, B. mahmudbejovi Ragimov, 1976 and B. pinchuki Ragimov, 1982) up to eleven differential characters (from B. kessleri Berg, 1927). Description (Fig. 4). All morphometric and meristic values in the text are presented first for the holotype for the paratypes in parentheses. Morphometric data are provided in Table 1. Particularly large variability of some features may be based on sex, developmental stage or size dimorphism and is highlighted in the Table 1 and further explained in the Discussion. General morphology. Head rounded in vertical view, i.e., triangular with well-rounded lateral sides (Fig. 5). Head large, long and wide, length 2.8 (2.6–3.0) in SL, width 1.0 (1.0–1.2) in head length. Head depressed (dorsoventrally compressed), head depth in head width 1.9 (1.7–2.2), head depth 1.8 (1.6–2.4) in head length, wider than body, head width 0.7 (0.5–0.6) in maximum body width. Snout gently rounded, broad and moderately long, larger than eye diameter, 0.5 (0.6–0.8) in eye diameter, 3.6 (3.6–4.2) in head length. Eye small, horizontal diameter 7.1 (4.6–7.1) in head length. Interorbital distance 6.8 (5.2–10.9) in head length. Eye diameter and interorbital width both size-dependent, i.e., eye diameter negatively correlated and interorbital distance positively correlated with the body size. Dermal fold behind end of jaws well-developed, large, rectangular, elongate (Figs. 6a and 6b). Dermal fold depth in length 2.4 (2.5–3.7), with more or less rounded angles, along edge undulate or straight. Dermal fold of variable size to eye diameter, length of its base 0.9 (0.8–1.6) in eye diameter, 6.0 (4.9–8.2) in head length. Chin barbel of moderate size, 0.6 (0.4–0.7) in eye diameter, 12.0 (10.4–13.7) in head length, triangular, widened at base, triangle narrower in larger specimens, broader in smaller fish (Figs. 6b and 6c). Mouth relatively wide, mouth width 2.0 (1.8–2.8) in head length. Mouth corner below anterior eye margin. Anterior nostril tube without process from rim, reaching upper lip; posterior nostril with raised rim. No medial groove present on temporal and occipital head regions. Body deepest at first dorsal-fin origin or slightly in front of it, depth decreasing towards caudal-fin base. Greatest body width at middle between pectoral-fin bases, 4.4 (4.4–6.6) in SL, strongly decreasing towards caudalfin base. Caudal peduncle laterally compressed, caudal peduncle width 1.3 (1.2–1.5 in depth), shallow, its depth 17.4 (15.0–19.3) in SL, and narrow, its width 22.2 (20.2–25.9) in SL. Maximum size 55.6 mm in total length. Fins. The poor condition of fins in some cases prevents exact counts. D1 IV (III: 1, IV: 14), D2 I+7 (I+7: 7, I+8: 7; in paratype ZM-CBSU 5001-1 positive count was not possible), A I+8 (I+7: 6, I+8: 8; in paratype ZM-CBSU 5001-1 positive count was not possible), C branched rays 10 (10: 7, 11: 3, 12: 2; in three paratypes count was not possible), segmented 13 (13: 12; in three paratypes count was not possible), P 16 on both sides (16: 20, 17: 9, both sides counted; in paratype PMR VP4681 positive count was not possible on left side), V I+5/5+I (V I+5/5+I: 15). First dorsal fin low, its height 11.7 (10.5–11.9 in adult males, 13.5–21.3 in other individuals) in SL, lower than second dorsal fin, 7.8 (6.5–8.8) in SL. Origin of anal fin in front of vertical through origin of second dorsal fin. Anal-fin height 9.7 (8.4–10.4) in SL. Pectoral fin long, reaching backwards halfway between the first and second dorsal fins when folded back. Pelvic disc complete and oval with well-developed anterior membrane, anterior membrane with straight edge. Pelvic disc long, 3.2 (3.1–3.8) in SL, reaching to anal-fin origin. Caudal fin rounded. Dermal ossifications. Granules present only on head (on snout, between eyes, on temporal and occipital head regions, and around eye in a circle), on predorsal area and between dorsal and dorsolateral rows of tubercles below the first dorsal fin and below interdorsal space (Figs. 3 and 5). No granules on eyes. No granules on gill covers, dorsal body and posterior flank, around pelvic disc, and only a few granules on posterior dorsal part of caudal peduncle (Fig. 7). Granules tiny, simple-structured bumps, sometimes grouped two or three together, small specimens with comparatively large granules (Figs. 2 and 3). Tubercles distinctively larger than granules (Figs. 2 and 3). Tubercles on head appear more or less randomly scattered. Head with a few small tubercles on snout, 2–4 tubercles present between eyes and 10–12 well-developed tubercles on upper cheek, preopercle and opercle (Figs. 5 and 7a). Tubercles not present on temporal and occipital head regions, i.e. all dermal ossifications are definable as granules according to size and shape; and the first tubercles anteriorly to temporal region are located at interorbital space, i.e. anteriorly to rear edge of eyes (Fig. 5). Tubercles on trunk are arranged in longitudinal rows: dorsal, dorsolateral and ventral rows (Figs. 7 b-d). Dorsal row complete, with 22–29 tubercles, including 2–4 tubercles in front of the first dorsal fin. Several anterior tubercles of dorsal row in front and along the first dorsal fin smaller than remaining tubercles and with one radial row of spinules instead of two. Dorsolateral row with 20–26 well developed tubercles, starting above pectoral-fin base, ending at posterior part or end of D2, decreasing in size posteriorly. No ventrolateral row (Fig. 7c). Ventral row anteriorly curved upwards with 2–3 tubercles above others, 22–25 tubercles including the 2–3 anterior upper tubercles. Tubercle bodies poorly defined, dominated by spinules. Tubercles of body rows and of head possess two posterior rows of spinules forming an acute angle, always less than right angle. Exceptions are the anterior tubercles of dorsal row, with one radial row of spinules instead of two (Fig. 3), and tubercles on preopercle and opercle, where spinules look disorganised (Fig. 2). Lateral line system (Fig. 8). No head canals present. Number of papillae in rows are strongly specimen size depending, with larger rows of sensory papillae irregularly doubled or tripled in larger specimens (e.g., suborbital transversal rows or row ot) (Figs. 2 and 6a). Some rows or parts of rows as ridges with papillae along top, e.g., row e (Fig. 9). Rows with range of number of sensory papillae in parentheses as follows: (1) preorbital: snout with four median preorbital series, vertical row r (3–5) slightly above horizontal level of posterior nares, horizontal row s 1 (3–5) below horizontal level of posterior nares, horizontal row s 2 (3–4) n the level of anterior nares and below s 1 and vertical s 3 (2–4) more medially above upper lip. Lateral series c in four parts: superior c 2 as two horizontal rows between anterior and posterior nostril (2+4 – 4+8); middle c 1 (3–6) starting at anterior nostril; inferior rows, upper horizontal c 2 (5–10) and lower horizontal c 1 (3–6) starting anteriorly at upper lip. (2) suborbital: seven transverse suborbital rows (1–7) of sensory papillae: rows 1–4 begin distant from orbit, row 4 from anterior end of row b downwards to posterior end of row d; superior segments rows 5s and 6s and row 7 close to eye, inferior sections of rows 5 and 6 well developed, row 5i below middle of row b, row 6i below posterior end of row b, both ending downwards below row d in the level and behind dermal fold (1: 10+23, 2: 8–15, 3: 8–21, 4: 8– 15, 5s: 4–8, 5i: 10– 16, 6s: 4–7, 6i: 12–19, 7: 1–2). Longitudinal row b (10–16) extending forwards above row 5i to upper end of row 4 not reaching below eye. Longitudinal row d (9+8 – 15+11) discontinuous with large gap between supralabial and cheek parts from suborbital row 2 to row 3. (3) preoperculo-mandibular: external row e (27+22 – 44+34) divided into anterior and posterior sections; internal row i continuous (40–62), mental row f (6–14) as cluster in front of chin barbel (Fig. 9). (4) oculoscapular: vertical row tra (1–3) behind lower posterior eye edge with one additional papilla behind it, longitudinal row x¹ placed posteriorly above opercle (1+3 – 5+3), divided by vertical row trp (3–5) in two parts, vertical row q (2–5) behind and below row x¹, with one or two additional papillae behind it. Longitudinal row x² (2–3) placed above opercular posterior edge, with transversal row y (2–3) below it. Axillary vertical rows as 1 (3–7), as 2 (4–7), as 3 (6–12) present, row la 1 (2–4) above as 2 , row la 2 (3–5) above between as 2 and as 3 . (5) opercular: transverse row ot (23–48); superior longitudinal row os (10–24); and interior longitudinal row oi (3–5). (6) anterior dorsal: anterior row n longitudinal (1–3) behind upper eye, transverse row o (1–4) distant from fellow in dorsal midline; longitudinal row g (3–4) distant behind row o, longitudinal row m and longitudinal row h not visible. (7) interorbital: two pairs of interorbital transversal rows, anterior pa (1–2) and posterior pp (2–3). Body with 18–22 transversal ltm rows starting anteriorly behind axilla and as rows, alternating anteriorly with three longitudinal llm rows making anterior beginning pattern of -II-I-I (Fig. 10). Three transversal lv rows at lower anterior body. Two longitudinal lc rows, one along midline of caudal fin, the second above it. Osteology. Vertebral column: 9 (8–10) precaudal and 19 (19–20) caudal vertebrae (including urostyle); total vertebral count: 28 (28–30). D1 pterygiophore insertion pattern: 3–22 1*01*1*1* (only from holotype); number of anal pterygiophores anterior to the first haemal spine 0 (0–1). Crest-like remaxillary process present on posterior third of premaxialla, sloping with a steep angle on anterior rim and gently towards posterior tip of premaxialla. Five branchiostegal rays. One epural. Number of C rays inserting in hypural 5: 2 (1–2), 3+4 (fused): 5 (5–6), hypural 1+2 (fused): 4 (4–5) and parhypural: 1 (0–1), total number of C rays inserting in hypurals, and parhypural: 12 (12; fused hypural 1+2 and 3+4 separated by a large gap, which does not support any branched caudal ray. Coloration. No live coloration recorded. Color of preserved specimens (Fig. 4): body opaque fawn, irregularly scattered melanophores present on upper head and body, and also on dorsal, caudal and pectoral fins. In some specimens remaining pigmentation almost invisible. Some specimens with three whitish saddles on back: at D2 anterior beginning, D2 posterior end and on caudal peduncle, and with four pigmented blotches on caudal fin longitudinally arranged. Etymology. The species is named for Persia. Distribution and habitat. Southern Caspian Sea basin (Fig. 1). Benthophilus persicus inhabits brackish waters and is abundant on sandy bottoms in coastal areas of the southern Caspian Sea. Capture depth ranges from 6 to 70 m. However, no specimens have yet been collected in the eastern part of southern Caspian Sea. Remarks. Boldyrev & Bogutskaya (2007) tentatively assigned 20 recognized species of the genus Benthophilus to four phenotypic groups. The most prominent differences of the new species as compared with members of the four different species groups are as follows. The new species clearly differs from group I members comprising B. granulosus Kessler, 1877, B. grimmi Kessler, 1877, B. kessleri Berg, 1927, B. leptorhynchus Kessler, 1877 and B. svetovidovi Pinchuk & Ragimov, 1979 by having tubercles on the body (vs. bony plates rather than tubercles on body). Benthophilus persicus differs from B. baeri Kessler, 1877 and B. spinosus Kessler, 1877 of group IV by having comparatively small dorsal tubercles with body poorly defined, dominated by clearly visible spinules (Figs. 2 and 3) (vs. very large dorsal tubercles with clear polygonal conical erected body with small or hardly visible spinules, Figure 4 in Boldyrev & Bogutskaya (2007)), 22–25 tubercles in ventral row (vs. 9–20), numerous tiny simple structured granules, sometimes grouped two or three together (vs. large and sparse granules with spinules), a few granules present on the posterior dorsal part of the caudal peduncle (vs. granules restricted to the upper head surface, gill covers and anterior part of the back). Benthophilus persicus cannot be unambiguously assigned to phenotypic groups II or III of Boldyrev & Bogutskaya (2007) since it features a mix of characters that were used to distinguish these two groups. The new species has tubercles with two posterior rows of spinules forming an acute angle (vs. almost right angle of two rows of spinules on dorsal tubercules in group III), tubercles present between eyes (vs. tubercles absent between eyes in group III), a complete dorsal row (vs. dorsal row incomplete in group III), and a low count of 22–29 dorsal row tubercles (vs. two out of four species of group III, B. pinchuki Ragimov, 1982 and B. ragimovi Boldyrev & Bogutskaya, 2004, having higher counts of dorsal row tubercles). However, it has no tubercles on temporal and occipital head regions (vs. usually four tubercles in row on each side of head in temporal and occipital regions of head, one unpaired temporal tubercle in group II) and no blotches on body in a preserved state (vs. blotches on body in group II, except B. abdurahmanovi Ragimov, 1978). The phenotypic groups II and III of Boldyrev & Bogutskaya (2007) appear less well defined morphologically than the other two groups. Therefore, the new species is here compared with each of the 13 recognized species of groups II and III in alphabetic order: Benthophilus persicus differs from B. abdurahmanovi Ragimov, 1978 by having origin of anal fin in front of vertical through origin of second dorsal fin (vs. under origin of the second dorsal fin), tubercles present, clearly larger than granules, with two posterior rows of spinules forming an acute angle (vs. tubercles slightly larger than granules, with weakly developed spinules), no ventrolateral row of tubercles (vs. present), no tubercles on temporal and occipital head regions (vs. weak tubercles present there), no granules on flanks (vs. present), transversal suborbital row 6i below posterior end of row b (vs. below middle of row b), and the anterior interorbital transversal row pa with 1–2 papilla (vs. 3–5 papillae). Benthophilus persicus differs from B. casachicus Ragimov, 1978 by having the dermal fold rectangular large (vs. triangular large), the origin of anal fin in front of vertical through origin of second dorsal fin (vs. under origin of the second dorsal fin), tubercles present with two posterior rows of spinules forming an acute angle (vs. tubercles with numerous radial rows of spinules), no tubercles on temporal and occipital head regions (vs. weak tubercles present on head), anterior interorbital transversal row pa with 1–2 papillae (vs. 3–5 papillae), body with 18–22 transversal ltm rows starting anteriorly behind axilla and alternating anteriorly with three longitudinal llm rows, having a total of 21–25 lm rows (vs. 17–18 lm rows in total), and a maximum body width 15.1–22.9% of SL (vs. 23.2–27.8%). Benthophilus persicus is different from B. ctenolepidus Kessler, 1877 in having the dermal fold rectangular large (vs. curved large), origin of anal fin in front of vertical through origin of second dorsal fin (vs. under origin of the second dorsal fin), tubercles present with two posterior rows of spinules forming an acute, always less than right, angle (vs. about right angle), dorsal row of tubercles complete, 22–29 (vs. incomplete dorsal row), transversal suborbital row 6i below posterior end of row b (vs. below middle of row b), and second dorsal fin with I+7–8 rays (vs. second dorsal fin I+9–10). Benthophilus persicus differs from B. durrelli by being distributed in southern Caspian Sea (vs. distribution in the Taganrog Bay of the Sea of Azov and Don River from mouth upstream to the upper stretch of Tsymlyansk Reservoir) and by having no ventrolateral row of tubercles (vs. large tubercles present), no tubercles on temporal and occipital head regions (vs. present in two radial rows), no granules on flanks (vs. sparsely scattered but present), transversal suborbital row 6i below posterior end of row b (vs. below middle of row b), and the anterior interorbital transversal row pa with 1–2 papillae (vs. 3–5 papillae). Benthophilus persicus differs from B. leobergius Berg, 1949 in having the dermal fold rectangular (vs. triangular), origin of anal fin in front of vertical through origin of second dorsal fin (vs. origin of anal fin under origin of the second dorsal fin), no tubercles on temporal and occipital head regions (vs. tubercles present), transversal suborbital row 6i below posterior end of row b (vs. below middle of row b), anterior interorbital transversal row pa with 1–2 papilla (vs. 3–5 papillae), maximum body width 15.1–22.9% of SL (vs. 24.5–31.1%), and mouth width 36.3–55.8% of head length (vs. 65.3–71.3%). Benthophilus persicus differs from B. leptocephalus Kessler, 1877 in having the dermal fold large and rectangular (vs. dermal fold absent), a moderate chin barbel, 1/3–2/3 of eye diameter in length (vs. very small barbel, hardly visible or absent), tubercles present with two posterior rows of spinules forming an acute, always less than right, angle (vs. nearly right angle),
Ceramic Stress Sensor Based on Thick Film Piezo-Resistive Ink for Structural Applications
No full textThis paper presents a ceramic stress sensor with the dimension of a coin, able to measure the compressive force (stress) applied to its two round faces. The sensor is designed and engineered to be embedded inside concrete or masonry structures, like bridges or buildings. It provides good accuracy, robustness, and simplicity of use at potentially low cost for large-scale applications in civil structures. Moreover, it can be calibrated temperature compensated, and it is inherently hermetic, ensuring the protection of sensitive elements from the external environment. It is, therefore, suitable for operating in harsh and dirty environments like civil constructions. The sensor directly measures the internal stress of the structure, exploiting the piezo resistivity of thick film ink based on ruthenium oxide. It is insensitive with respect to the stiffness of the embedding material and the variation of the surrounding material properties like concrete hardening, shrinkage, and creep as it decouples the two components of stress
Biogas energy / Tasneem Abbasi, S.M. Tauseef, S.A. Abbasi.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.Book Fair 2013.xiii, 169 p. :In recent years, the importance of biogas energy has risen manifold and has become universal. This is due to the realization that biogas capture and utilization has great potential in controlling global warming. By capturing biogas wherever it is formed, we not only tap a source of clean energy, but we also prevent the escape of methane to the atmosphere. Given that methane has 25 times greater global warming potential than CO2, methane capture through biogas energy in this manner can contribute substantially towards global warming control
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