20 research outputs found
Modeling typical performance measures
Get PDFIn the educational, employment, and clinical context, attitude and personality inventories are used to measure typical performance traits. Statistical models are applied to obtain latent trait estimates. Often the same statistical models as the models used in maximum performance measurement are applied to typical performance measures. However, different models might be better applicable to describe these typical performance measures. In this dissertation the modeling of two systematic features in the typical performance domain is discussed; 1. the factor structure of typical performance measures, and 2.response processes to typical performance measures. In the first part of the dissertation complex multidimensional models (e.g. bifactor model, non-hierarchical multidimensional model, second-order model) are investigated to describe the factor structure of both a personality inventory and an attitude inventory. In the second part of this dissertation the applicability of different response models, dominance IRT models and unfolding IRT models, to describe the response processes on two personality inventories is compared. In the next chapters an already existing unfolding IRT model, the generalized graded unfolding model (GGUM) is compared to three newly developed alternatives, the collapsed generalized partial credit model (CGPCM), the collapsed graded response model (CGRM) and the quadratic logistic regression model (QLOG) and the statistical fit of the models is investigated. Both person fit (constancy of theta statistic and tendency to agree statistic) and item fit (Differential item functioning and shape of item characteristic curve statistic) are investigated by fit statistics that are developed based on the Lagrange Multiplier (LM) test. In general, it was found that it is important to not simply apply models that are used in maximum performance measurement to typical performance measurement. To investigate the dimensionality structure it is important to take both general and specific factors into account. Furthermore it is reasonable to expect that responses to typical performance measures follow an ideal-point response process. Four unfolding IRT models and methods to assess the statistical fit of the models were introduced
Scaling response processes on personality items using unfolding and dominance models: An illustration with a Dutch dominance and unfolding personality inventory
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Leren spellen met de computer: 'Spellingchecker' versus 'Visuele feedback'
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Seasonal variation of retinal detachment in Lebanon
No full textBackground: The literature remains controversial regarding seasonal variation of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods: In this retrospective chart review, seasonal variation of RRD was examined based on the records of 211 consecutive patients operated for idiopathic RRD in one referral medical center over a 13-year period. Results: The number of eyes with RRD recorded per season was 46 in autumn, 46 in winter, 62 in spring and 57 in summer. There was a significant seasonal variation (p 0.05) with an increase in RRD in the warm seasons (spring and summer) compared to the cold seasons (winter and autumn; 56 vs. 44percent). Right eyes were more likely to be affected than left eyes (54 vs. 46percent), and cases presented with a significantly younger age at onset in the warm than in the cold seasons (47 vs. 54 years, p = 0.007). A literature review of 8,533 cases including the present case series established further the seasonal variation of RRD (p 0.001). Conclusion: There is convincing evidence for a seasonal variation of RRD in Lebanon and in the literature. This is likely to be related to sun exposure and outdoor activities in the warm seasons. Copyright © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.ALSAMARRAI AR, 1990, OPHTHALMIC RES, V22, P220; Chou SC, 2007, EYE, V21, P1056, DOI 10.1038-sj.eye.6702397; DOLLFUS MA, 1948, B SOC FR OPHTHALMOL, V61, P375; GARTNER J, 1977, KLIN MONATSBL AUGENH, V171, P506; GAUTHIER A, 1947, B SOC FR OPHTHALMOL, V3, P404; GHISOLFI A, 1986, OPHTHALMOLOGICA, V192, P97; Go SL, 2005, ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC, V123, P1237, DOI 10.1001-archopht.123.9.1237; Hida T, 2000, JPN J OPHTHALMOL, V44, P407, DOI 10.1016-S0021-5155(00)00174-X; Ivanisevic Milan, 2002, Acta Medica Croatica, V56, P49; JENSEN P, 1957, Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh), V35, P113; JONKERS GH, 1948, OPHTHALMOLOGICA, V115, P308; JONKERS GH, 1948, OPHTHALMOLOGICA, V115, P316; Katsimpris JM, 2003, KLIN MONATSBL AUGENH, V220, P148, DOI 10.1055-s-2003-38175; KRAUSHAR MF, 1991, SURV OPHTHALMOL, V35, P311, DOI 10.1016-0039-6257(91)90053-I; LAATIKAINEN L, 1985, ACTA OPHTHALMOL, V63, P59; Leong Alan M, 2006, BMC Ophthalmol, V6, P2, DOI 10.1186-1471-2415-6-2; Mansour AM, 2003, ACTA OPHTHALMOL SCAN, V81, P82, DOI 10.1034-j.1600-0420.2003.00028_5.x; Matter-Walstra K, 2006, BMC HEALTH SERV RES, V6, DOI 10.1186-1472-6963-6-25; PAAVOLA M, 1983, ACTA OPHTHALMOL, V61, P806; Pettinger N, 1999, Health Serv J, V109, P26; SCHIFFWERTHEIME.M, 1948, B SOC FR OPHTHALMOL, V61, P377; Sunwoo Yujin, 2006, Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science, V25, P7, DOI 10.2114-jpa2.25.7; Thelen U, 1997, OPHTHALMOLOGE, V94, P638, DOI 10.1007-s003470050174; WEEKERS R, 1948, B SOC FR OPHTHALMOL, V61, P37222
On the Dimensionality of the Dispositional Hope Scale
No full textThe Dispositional Hope Scale (DHS; C. R. Snyder et al., 1991) consists of two subsets of items measuring Agency and Pathways. ne authors used bifactor analysis to evaluate the dimensionality structure of the scale. Data from 676 persons (295 psychiatric patients, 112 delinquents, and 269 students) were analyzed. The authors conclude that although the Pathway items seem to explain some additional variance when the Hope scale variance is partionalized out, the DHS allows unidimensional measurement
De Erkenningsmethode: Creating realistic assumptions about the mental capacity of residents
No full textProject MotivationIn 2013, Dutch politicians longed for more rigorous actions against fraudulent applications for financial support. They were all done with residents taking advantage of the system and decided to adopt an all-or-nothing approach. Child support applications would be assessed thoroughly and mercilessly. Consequently, that would also mean that the good can suffer from the bad, as stated by the state secretary of finance Frans Weekers (Frederik, 2021).In the years that followed, about 30,000 parents were wrongly labeled as fraudsters by the tax authorities. These parents had to repay their allowance in full at the slightest mistake. In some cases, a single missing receipt was enough to make parents pay back tens of thousands of euros. To this day, some parents are experiencing the financial, mental, and physical consequences of the fraud hunt. We now label this the Toeslagenaffaire (Eng: The Child Welfare Fraud Scandal). Within public organizations, every effort is made to prevent these kinds of debacles in the future. The Toeslagenaffaire shows that the government sometimes imposes unrealistic demands on residents. Policymakers assumed that residents understood the rules for applying for benefits and had sufficient capacity to submit applications fully and correctly. However, not all parents can submit monthly forms and indicate changes in their wages in practice. Sometimes they are not even aware of the conditions. Here we see a difference between the policymakers’ expectations (the rationalistic perspective) and the capacities of the resident (the realistic perspective). Adopting a realistic policymaking perspective makes public services accessible to more residents, reducing process costs and stimulating residents’ self-sufficiency (NL: redzaamheid).Within a realistic policymaking perspective, civil servants create realistic assumptions about the mental capacity of residents. This mental capacity consists of two components: the ability to understand the process (NL: denkvermogen) and the ability to act accordingly (NL: doenvermogen). When the procedures of implemented policies match these abilities, the resident will be able to follow the process. If the cognitive load of the policy exceeds the denkvermogen and doenvermogen, the resident faces more difficulties. They might require a customized process, which is costly and inefficient. Assessing the cognitive load of the context and the residents’ mental capacity supports policymakers in creating realistic assumptions about residents. De ‘Erkenningsmethode’ (Eng: Acknowledgment Method) supports policymakers in creating this realistic assumption. Through empathy exercises and context assessments, stakeholders realize the different mental capacities of residents and consider the challenges they face in the policy process. Some residents might not be able to enter the process or get stuck along the way. When participants experience the challenges of certain residents, they can make an informed decisions for the innovation approach.First, participants can choose to let the current process’s cognitive load and the residents’ capacity remain the same. This might be the case when resources are scarce, or not all profiles receive the same prioritization. Alternatively, the next phase can increase the mental capacity (stimulating residents) or make the process easier (less complexity and more support). Whatever option is chosen, the stakeholders should all be aware of the prioritized approach, acknowledging the consequences for the self-determination profiles.This way, a more diverse image of residents can be considered when innovating public services. Understanding these residents and acknowledging their problems is the first step in creating more realistic assumptions about the mental capacity of residents.Strategic Product Desig
