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Distribution of sensitivity to common botryticides in Lombardy
Full text linkOn grapevine, grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. induces serious yield losses and unpleasant changes in the qualitative characteristics of berry content. Fungicides are usually applied in order to control B. cinerea but their repeated use in vineyard can select resistant strains of the pathogen.
Aim of the present work is not only to monitor the sensitivity distribution of the pathogen strains to the botryticides most commonly used in vineyard, but also the possible correlation between the sensitivity level and both the mating type and the presence of transposons Boty and Flipper.
During 2011, 20 strains were randomnly isolated from symptomatic samples collected in 4 vineyards selected in each of the main viticultural provinces in Lombardy, Brescia, Mantova, Pavia and Sondrio. An untreated vineyard was included in the survey. The 320 strains isolated in Lombardy were tested for their sensitivity to boscalid, fenhexamid, cyprodinil and fludioxonil, their mating type and the presence of transposons. The Resistance Factor, RF, (EC50 of the selected strain/average EC50 in the untreated vineyard) was calculated for the strains showing high EC50. RFs > 10 indicate a reduced sensitivity.
The average EC50 observed in Lombardy for boscalid, fenhexamid and fludioxonil were similar to those calculated for B. cinerea in Europe, while higher values of this parameter were obtained for cyprodinil. No remarkable differences were observed in the EC50 distribution in the 4 provinces, apart from the higher values for cyprodinil and fludioxonil recorded in Pavia. RFs > 10 characterized 7, 12 and 5 strains respectively for boscalid cyprodinil and fludioxonil and 5 isolated showed a reduced multi drug sensitivity. The presence of Boty either alone or together with Flipper seems to be associated with higher RFs concerning all the tested fungicides. Association between mating type and fungicide sensitivity is less defined. From these data, B. cinerea populations in Lombardy seem to be characterized by an adequate sensitivity against botryticides. The strains showing a reduced sensitivity need to be further characterized, in particular for their fitness
Effect of phlobaphene accumulation in maize kernel on Fusarium ear rot level in Lombardia
No full textFusarium ear rot (FER) is one the most serious maize fungal diseases especially in Lombardia, the most important maize producer region in Italy. The main aetiological agents of FER are Fusarium species belonging to Gibberella fujikuroi species complex, in particular F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum. FER usually does not lead to significant yield losses, but its causal agents are well known producers of mycotoxins such as fumonisins. Control measures in Italy consist of one - two treatments against the European corn borer, but additional preventive means are required in order to assure a more effective protection. Breeding efforts have been undertaken to increase resistance to FER and in particular phlobaphenes seem to be able to reduce the fumonisin accumulation in kernels.
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of pericarp phlobaphenes on FER rating under field conditions. Two hybrids, one with P1-rr allele providing pigmentation in pericarp and the other carrying P1-wr allele without phlobaphenes accumulation in pericarp, were sown in 2011 and 2012 in four different locations in Lombardia. The frequency and severity of FER, together with the incidence of latent infections caused by G. fujikuroi clade and the fumonisin content, were assessed in each genotype at the four field trials.
Significant but not univocal differences in FER frequency and severity between the two genotypes were found only in 2012. Latent infections were significantly more frequent on P1-wr genotype in two fields and on P1-rr in the same location for two years. A similar distribution pattern was also found in the fumonisin level. Statistical analysis showed that FER indexes are positively correlated with both latent infections and fumonisin accumulation and significantly influenced not only by the presence of phlobaphenes, but also by the field location and the year of cultivatio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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