350 research outputs found
Author Correction: Nitze, I; Grosse, G; Jones, B.M.; Romanovsky, V.E.; Boike, J.: Remote sensing quantifies widespread abundance of permafrost region disturbances across the Arctic and Subarctic. - Nature Communications. - 9 (2018), 5423
No full textThe original version of this Article contained an error in the author affiliations. Affiliation 5 incorrectly read ‘Tyumen State Oil and Gas University, Tyumen, Tyument. Oblast, Russian Federation, 625000’.This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article
Thermoregulation: from basic neuroscience to clinical neurology. 1
No full textThe importance of problems associated with thermoregulation has been increasing. During recent decades, several major heatwaves have hit various regions of the planet, resulting in thousands of deaths due to heatstroke, and scientists have established that the threat to human life due to excessive heat associated with human activities is now unavoidable.
During the same time period, mild hypothermia has been discovered as a life-saving treatment for several conditions, most notably those accompanied by brain hypoxia. Simultaneously, many things have changed in our understanding of the physiology and neuroscience of body temperature regulation. It has been established that brown adipose tissue is a thermoregulatory effector in humans – not only during the perinatal period (as thought previously), but also in adulthood. Several transient receptor potential channels have been discovered, many of which possess high sensitivity to temperature and may represent the molecular basis of thermoreception. Enormous progress has been achieved in the identification and characterization of the neural pathways of physiologic thermoeffectors, at least in rodents, and studies in humans have been initiated. A new, consensus concept has been firmly established: it is now believed that body temperature is regulated not by a unified system with a central integrator, comparator, and coordinator but by a federation of independent thermoeffector loops, which coordinate their activities via their common regulated variable – body temperature.
To update neurologists, neuroscientists, trainees, and others on the current knowledge about thermoregulation, we have drawn on the experience and expertise of established leaders in the fields of thermoregulation and neurologic diseases and, collectively, prepared the two parts of this volume of the Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Part 1 (28 chapters) describes the elements of the thermoregulation system (receptors, effectors, and pathways) and explains how the system works and interacts with other homeostatic systems. Part 2 (26 chapters) deals with the clinical significance of body temperature, common conditions in which deep or peripheral body temperatures are changed, and thermoregulatory alterations present in several neurologic diseases, as well as with therapeutic hypo- and hyperthermia and antipyretic therapy.
While working on this project, all authors have made an effort to follow the current consensusmodel of thermoregulation and to avoid referring to the outdated unified control system with its nonexistent complex circuits. The authors also avoided using engineering terms such as the reference signal (set point) or coordinator, as they are now more misleading than informative. We hope our effort will help neurologists to focus their search for the anatomic and physiologic substrates of thermoregulatory symptoms of neurologic diseases on the existing active and passive elements of the thermoregulation system.
As the associate volume editors and the volume editor, we sincerely thank all the contributors to this volume for the indispensable roles they have played in bringing this endeavor to fruition.We believe that readers will find this volume to be a valuable contribution to the existing literature on thermoregulation.We hope that the volume will serve not only as a reference source for academic and practicing neurologists, but also as an educational resource for trainees in neurology and neuroscience, as well as for internists, intensivists, anesthesiologists, toxicologists, and all physicians and scientists interested in learning about thermoregulation. May our readers glean much from the collective knowledge and expertise shared with them on these pages.
Andras Garami
Luca Imeri
Christopher J. Madden
Alexandre A. Steiner
Andrej A. Romanovsk
The issues of the History of the Church of Georgia in the book of Evgeny Shishkin „Caucasian priest-confessor metropolitan Anthony (Romanovsky): Biography“
No full textThe book of the priest Evgeny Shishkin „Caucasian priest-confessor metropolitan Anthony Romanovsky: Biography“ (Stavropol, 2006) is interesting for us, because the metropolitan Anthony was serving in Georgia as priestmonk and bishop from 1913 till 1926. In 1943 he also took part in the restoration of the Eucharistic relationship between of the Churches of Georgia and Russia.
From the book of priest Evgeny we focused on only the issues related to the Church of Georgia for discussing in the article. In particular, the author's attitude towards the restoration of the authocephaly of the Church of Georgia on March 12 (25), 1917 and the nationalization of the ecclesiastical property and educational institutions. In the article there is also criticised the fact, that in 1926 one of the reasons for the arrest of the Archbishop Anthony was declared his disagreement with the Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia Ambrosi (1921-1927).
Let's assume, that the author of the book discusses the issues in the same way as the majority of the officials of the Russian Church have discussed in 1917 „angry about the selfwill“ of Georgians. He does not fully represent the illegal actions by Russian secular and religious authorities towards of the Church of Georgia. This misapprehension is not due to the lack of material available to the priest Evgeny
Faulty version recovery in object-oriented N-version programming
No full textMany long-running applications would greatly benefit from being able to recover faulty versions in N-version programs since their exclusion from further use undermines the availability of the system. Developing a recovery feature, however, is a very complex and error-prone task, which the author believes has not received adequate attention. Although many researchers are aware of the importance of version recovery, there are very few schemes which include these features. Even when they do, they rely on ad hoc programming and are not suitable for object-oriented systems. The author believes that developing systematic approaches here is crucial, and formulates a general approach to version recovery in class diversity schemes, which is based on the concept of the abstract version state. The approach extends the recently-developed class diversity scheme and relies on important ideas motivated by community error recovery. The diversity scheme includes two-level error detection which allows error latency to be controlled. To use it, special application-specific methods for each version object have to be designed, which would map the internal state into the abstract state and, at the same time, form a basis for one-level version recovery. The approach is discussed in detail, compared with the existing solutions, and additional benefits of using the abstract version state are shown. The intention is to outline a disciplined way for providing version recovery and thus make it more practical. Two promising approaches which can be used for developing new structuring techniques incorporating the abstract version state concept are discussed
«Our military organization ... continues to consider you as leader»: the letter and report to General M. V. Alekseev about the white underground in Kazan and Tsaritsyn. 1918
No full textThe readers are invited to publish a letter and a report to the leader of the
White movement in the South of Russia, General M.V. Alekseev about the white
underground in Kazan and Tsaritsyn in 1918. The author of the letter, General
Yu.D. Romanovsky, led an underground anti-Bolshevik organization in Kazan. The
documents deal with a wide range of significant issues: the activities of the antiBolshevik underground in the Volga, relations between different factions within the
anti-Bolshevik camp, and white relations with French representative
Policy implications of warming permafrost
No full textPermafrost is perennially frozen ground occurring in about 24% of the exposed land surface in the Northern Hemisphere. The distribution of permafrost is controlled by air temperature and, to a lesser extent, by snow depth, vegetation, orientation to the sun and soil properties. Any location with annual average air temperatures below freezing can potentially form permafrost.
Snow is an effective insulator and modulates the effect of air temperature, resulting in permafrost temperatures up to 6°C higher than the local mean annual air temperature. Most of the current permafrost formed during or since the last ice age and can extend down to depths of more than 700 meters in parts of northern Siberia and Canada. Permafrost includes the contents of the ground before it was frozen, such as bedrock, gravel, silt and organic material. Permafrost often contains large lenses, layers and wedges of pure ice that grow over many years as a result of annual freezing and thawing of the surface soil laye
The application of computerized optico-structural analysis (OSA) for the evaluation of morphofunctional peculiarities in cells and tissues
No full textCriteria for the evaluation of morphofunctional peculiarities in the smooth muscle tissue of the myometrium and in human leukocytes were evolved by the author and his associates. They were obtained on a computer-controlled PROTVA scanning microscope-photometer by the optico-structural analysis method elaborated by Bogdanov (1966). Comparative studies of RNA, protein and SH- groups in the myometrium were conducted during pregnancy and in the presence of both normal and weak myometrical contractility during labor. The second and third factors in the scannograms [D(X) and S(K)] were shown to be highly informative for evaluation of the tissue system as a whole. Image processing of Feulgen- and Romanovsky-stained fetal, neonatal and adult human leukocytes was also carried out on a PROTVA microscope-analyser. Peculiarities were observed in the morphological and cytochemical features of neutrophils, eosinophils and small, medium and large lymphocytes. Fine differences were also found among small lymphocytes
The application of computerized optico-structural analysis (OSA) for the evaluation of morphofunctional peculiarities in cells and tissues
No full textCriteria for the evaluation of morphofunctional peculiarities in the smooth muscle tissue of the myometrium and in human leukocytes were evolved by the author and his associates. They were obtained on a computer-controlled PROTVA scanning microscope-photometer by the optico-structural analysis method elaborated by Bogdanov (1966). Comparative studies of RNA, protein and SH- groups in the myometrium were conducted during pregnancy and in the presence of both normal and weak myometrical contractility during labor. The second and third factors in the scannograms [D(X) and S(K)] were shown to be highly informative for evaluation of the tissue system as a whole. Image processing of Feulgen- and Romanovsky-stained fetal, neonatal and adult human leukocytes was also carried out on a PROTVA microscope-analyser. Peculiarities were observed in the morphological and cytochemical features of neutrophils, eosinophils and small, medium and large lymphocytes. Fine differences were also found among small lymphocytes
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