432 research outputs found
Kinetic studies of the hydrolysis of organophosphate insecticides by phosphotriesterase
No full textDue to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-83).Issued also on microfiche from Lange Micrographics.The bacterial phosphotriesterase (PTE) form Pseudomonas diminuta catalyzes the detoxification of a wide variety of organophosphate insecticides. Although the use of these agents is essential in increasing crops yields, they frequently act as nerve poisons by blocking mammalian acetylcholinesterase (AChE). AChE is an enzyme responsible for the degradation of acetylcholine. The catalytic activities toward twenty-two organophosphate insecticides, which are currently in agricultural use in the U.S.A., were measured. The kinetic parameters for these insecticides were determined. Some of these insecticidal substrates such as propetamphos and profenofos are chiral compounds. The PTE specificity toward these chiral substrates has been assessed. By examining the enzymatic hydrolysis of these racemic mixtures, it was determined spectroscopically that PTE hydrolyzes both enantiomers at different rates. The enantiomeric preference of the enzymatic hydrolysis for propetamphos is 46:1 and 13:1 for profenofos. The relative stereochemistry of the enzymatic hydrolysis of both substrates, however, remains unclear. For propetamphos, this ambiguity is due to the failure of developing a method using ����P NMR spectroscopy to visualize the individual peaks of the two stereoisomer components of the racemic product
Awareness of physicians and clinical pharmacists about ACC/AHA guidelines for dyslipidemia management: A cross sectional study
No full textIntroduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although genetics could contribute to the incidence of CVD, they are mostly acquired conditions. Management of precipitating factors such as hyperlipidemia can prevent CVD. Therefore, clinical guidelines have been used as a tool to improve patient outcomes and minimize practice variation. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess health-care providers’ (physicians and clinical pharmacists) awareness about the latest edition of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines of dyslipidemia management. Materials and Methods: To meet the study objective, a self-administered questionnaire was designed based on the recommendations of the latest edition of the ACC/AHA guidelines for dyslipidemia management. After validation, the questionnaire was distributed to physicians and clinical pharmacists in Al-Ahsa province of Saudi Arabia. Results: Validation of the questionnaire was carried on 10 participants (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.816). Seventy-seven participants completed the questionnaire (acceptance rate = 51.33%). The majority of participants knew about the release of the ACC/AHA 2013 guidelines for dyslipidemia (77% of the physicians and 48% of the clinical pharmacist). Inadequate knowledge of the major changes in the dyslipidemia management was observed in both study groups with no significant difference between them (the median score for physicians and pharmacists was 4 out of 10 with a range of 1–9, Z = −0.15, P = 0.88).Conclusion: Inadequate level of knowledge about practice-changing recommendations of the recent ACC/AHA guidelines for dyslipidemia management was observed among the study participants. This level of knowledge could result in clinical malpractice and worsen management outcomes. Thus, efforts should be in place to raise awareness about the evidence-based management of dyslipidemia and monitor compliance to guidelines and their implementation outcomes
Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) test accurately identifies liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C
No full textSummary Assessment of liver fibrosis is important indetermining prognosis and evaluating interventions. Dueto limitations of accuracy and patient hazard of liverbiopsy, non-invasive methods have been sought to provideinformation on liver fibrosis, including the European liverfibrosis (ELF) test, shown to have good diagnostic accuracyfor the detection of moderate and severe fibrosis. Access toindependent cohorts of patients has provided an opportunityto explore if this test could be simplified. This paperreports the simplification of the ELF test and its ability to identity severity of liver fibrosis in external validation studies in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Paired biopsy and serum samples from 347 na?¨ve patients with CHC in three independent cohorts were analysed. Diagnostic performance characteristics were derived (AUROC,sensitivity and specificity, predictive values), and clinical utility modelling performed to determine the proportion of biopsies that could have been avoided if ELF test was used in this patient group. It was possible to simplify the original ELF test without loss of performance and the new algorithm is reported. The simplified ELF test was able to predict severe fibrosis [pooled AUROC of 0.85 (95% CI 0.81–0.89)] and using clinical utility modelling to predict severe fibrosis (Ishak stages 4–6; METAVIR stages 3 and 4) 81% of biopsies could have been avoided (65% correctly).Issues of spectrum effect in diagnostic testevaluations are discussed. In chronic hepatitis C a simplified ELF test can detect severe liver fibrosis with good accuracy
The performance of transient elastography compared to clinical acumen and routine tests - what is the incremental diagnostic value?
No full textAcademic Optimism and Its Relationship to the Efficiency of Confrontation in Light of the Transformation of the Academic System into Three Semesters
No full textThis study aims to identify the academic optimism scale and the confrontation efficiency scale to know the extent of the relationship between them in light of applying the new system in university education. The study has been done according to three semesters- the summer semester has not been included. After conducting the appropriate statistical analysis and answering the study questions, the researcher will discuss the results. The research sample consists of 350 university students from Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University. The author constructed a survey by applying a Google form survey to collect the data and analyze it using the statistical method. The results reveal that after changing the educational system into three semesters, both efficient confrontation and optimistic education have been high and there has been a positive statistical coefficient between them. The study also sheds light on the advantages and disadvantages of changing the education system to three semesters from the perspective of university students
Generative Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) Modellierung von synthetischen Prostata-MRT-Bilddaten mit Evaluation der Bildqualität im Vergleich zu realen T2 gewichteten, axialen Spin echo MRT-Daten
No full textRemoval Behavior of Apis mellifera syriaca towards Varroa jacobsoni in Jordan
No full textThe response of Apis mellifera syriaca to Varroa-infested worker brood was investigated using 1 5 colonies for each treatment. Worker bees in detected test colonies, uncapped and removed up to 50 % -60 % of brood cells of those artificially infested with one mite and up to 70 % -80 % of those infected with two mites in each of two trials. Freeze-killed worker brood were removed from 34.9 % up to 100 % in the first trial and from 49.4 % up to 100 % in the second trial. All worker brood that were killed by pin were removed from the cells. The removal intensity of the colonies was significantly correlated with infestation level. Removal activity of A. mellifera syriaca provide evidence for active mechanisms of resistance towards parasitic Varroa-mite.Comportement de nettoyage d'Apis mellifera syriaca de Jordanie à rencontre du parasite Varroa jacobsoni. La réponse à l'infestation du couvain d'ouvrière d'Apis mellifera syriaca par l'acarien Varroa a été étudiée en utilisant 1 5 colonies pour chaque test. Dans les deux tests réalisés avec des colonies infestées, les ouvrières désoperculent et nettoient jusqu'à 50 à 60% des cellules de couvain qui ont été infestées par un acarien et jusqu'à 70 à 80% de celles qui l'ont été par deux acariens. De 39,4 à 100% du couvain d'ouvrières tuées par le froid a été nettoyé dans le premier test et les résultats du second test montrent de 49,4% à 1 00% de nettoyage. Toutes les abeilles tuées avec une épingle ont été éliminées des cellules. L'intensité du nettoyage est significativement corrélée avec le niveau d'infestation des colonies. L'activité de nettoyage d 'A. mellifera syriaca met en évidence des mécanismes actifs de résistance à l'infestation par l'Acarien Varroa.Shannag Hail-K., Al-Ghzawi Abdel-Majed, Zaitoun Shahera-Talat. Removal Behavior of Apis mellifera syriaca towards Varroa jacobsoni in Jordan. In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 105 (3), août 2000. pp. 273-278
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