1,721,139 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
The impact of predators on maize stem borers in coastal Kenya
No full textDamage caused by Lepidopteran stem borers is one of the most important constraints to maize production in East and southern Africa. Of the stem borer complex, Chilo partellus Swinhoe is the most abundant species in lowland areas. Although control strategies exist, many are not effective or feasible for small-scale subsistence farmers to practice. Consequently, stem borers are rarely actively controlled. Although natural mortality of stem borers may be high, this is not sufficient to keep densities at low levels. Disappearance is the major mortality factor in all life stages, often being as high as 80 to 90%. Disappearance is generally attributed to predation, although little quantitative information is available to support this assumption. In this thesis, the impact of predators on stem borer populations and their role in the disappearance of eggs, larvae and pupae was examined in the southern coastal area of Kenya.In the first chapter, background information on maize cultivation and constraints to maize production in the coastal area of Kenya is presented. The biology and pest status of stem borers, as well as methods to control them, are also discussed.Interviews held with small-scale farmers indicated that stem borers were considered a major constraint for maize production in the study area (chapter 2). Despite this, farmers had limited knowledge of the life cycle of stem borers, on possible sources of infestation and on stem borer control practices. Chemical application was the only well-known control method and was regularly used by 30% of the respondents. Most farmers were not aware of the beneficial activity of predatory arthropods, although ants, spiders, praying mantids and 'crickets' were sometimes mentioned as predators of stem borers. There is a need to create awareness among farmers of the biology and ecology of pests and the role of beneficial insects in cultivation. Effective control methods should be developed locally by farmers and researchers together, for example by using the 'Farmer Field School' approach.Information on the natural enemies of stem borers in East Africa is reviewed in Chapter 3. A large variety of natural enemies was identified with fifty-seven parasitoids, fifteen predators and fifteen pathogens being recorded. The review discovered that most emphasis was placed on the parasitoids of stem borers. Conversely, information on predators and pathogens is scarce.Stem borer infestation starts at an early crop stage (Chapter 4). Infestation levels in our trials varied between 0 and 10%, with occasional peaks of up to 28%. Most plants carried only one egg batch with an average of 20 eggs. Egg mortality was highly variable between sites and seasons, and ranged from 18 to 78%. Parasitism was the most important mortality factor by far, accounting for 6 to 59% of the total mortality. Between 5 and 10% of eggs disappeared and 2 to 8% was visibly preyed upon. Between 2 and 7% of eggs failed to hatch.Studies on the incidence of predator and stem borer populations at the Kenyan coast are described in Chapter 5. These indicated that Chilo partellus and C. orichalcociliellus were the predominant stem borer species although Sesamia calamistis was occasionally found. Thirteen parasitoid species were collected: two from eggs, nine from larvae and two from pupae. Egg parasitism was fairly high (38 to 75%) but parasitism of larvae and pupae was less than 5%.Ants, spiders and earwigs were the most common potential predators. Rarely encountered predators included coccinellids, lacewings, bush-crickets and rove. Ants were the most abundant and widespread predators by far and were represented by a rich variety of species. Spiders were found at all sites and occurred throughout the growing season, but numbers were relatively low. Earwigs were fairly common at two sites but virtually absent at the other sites. Predator numbers were low in the beginning of the growing season, when maize is most vulnerable to stem borer attack. Their numbers were generally not found to be related to the highly variable numbers of stem borer eggs and small larvae.The important predators stem borer eggs, larvae and pupae were identified through laboratory and field studies (Chapter 6). When prey was offered in Petri dishes, eighteen predator species consumed eggs and fifteen consumed small larvae. Late instar larvae and pupae were only taken by gryllids. Of the potential predators tested, earwigs and cockroaches had a high acceptance and consumption rate of both eggs and small larvae. The activity of cockroaches was unexpected, since they are normally not seen as predators of insects. When eggs and small larvae were offered on plants, earwigs consumed (a few) egg batches and small larvae but cockroaches did not. An observation study showed that egg predation was low: only 3% of egg batches were attacked. Ants (three species) and adult flies of the family Chloropidae were seen to prey on eggs.To evaluate the impact of predator populations on each stem borer life stage, a series of predator exclusion experiments were conducted (Chapter 7). Disappearance of eggs was 23 to 29% from plants accessible to predators (control plants) and zero to 0.2% from exclusion plants, thus showing that predators play an important role in egg disappearance. Few visibly preyed-upon or sucked eggs were encountered. Disappearance of small larvae was high but could not be attributed to predators. The impact of predators on disappearance of large larvae was small. In some trials, significantly more pupae were recovered from predator exclusion than from control plants. Thus, predators have an impact on the disappearance of eggs and, in some cases, of pupae, but have hardly any effect on larvae at the coast.During field observations, egg batches were seen to disappear by curling away from the leaf and being blown off. To evaluate whether solar radiation played a role in this, disappearance of egg batches was compared between solar-exposed and shaded plants (Chapter 8). Disappearance was found to be four times higher on the exposed plants than on the shaded plants after four days. Non-viability of eggs was also significantly higher on the exposed plants.Predators did not influence the disappearance of small larvae and therefore other factors must have played a role. Rainfall can lead to high mortality of small larvae feeding in the leaf whorl, with 50% (first trial) and 65% (second trial) of larvae disappeared from plants exposed to rainfall (Chapter 8). From the shielded plants, 32 and 25% of larvae disappeared, respectively. Cannibalism also caused some disappearance among small and larger larvae, but this is not expected to be an important mortality factor under natural conditions. Most of the larval disappearance is thought to be caused by dispersal, and subsequent desiccation and predation.The research described in this thesis leads to the conclusions that:Predation plays a small role in the mortality of stem borers in plants, but may cause high losses among dispersing larvae;Predator attack only partially explains the disappearance of stem borers;Parasitoids cause high mortality in the egg stage but not in other life stages of stem borers;Solar radiation and rainfall may cause considerable mortality of stem borer eggs and larvae.</ol
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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