32,266 research outputs found
Savings, expectations and technological unemployment: a generalization of assumptions for the Hicksian fixwage traverse
No full textThis paper examines the role of alternative assumptions on savings and expectations for the fixwage traverse with strong forward biased technological change. After briefly outlining the model, some peculiarities of the adjustment path under the Hicksian Q-Assumption are investigated. Subsequently, the consequences of several savings functions consistent with the assumption of static expectations are explored. With all but one of these assumptions the possibility of permanent technological unemployment emerges. Additionally, the assumption of adaptive expectations is introduced, in which case technological unemployment throughout the early phase prevails. Furthermore, oscillating growth rates emerge, indicating the possibility of technologically caused business cycles. --Traverse analysis,technological unemployment,Neo-Austrian theory
Assessment of E. coli and Microcystins in Cladophora Mats in the Nearshore Waters of Grand Traverse Bay, Little Traverse Bay, and Saginaw Bay
No full textAn assessment of the ability of Cladophora mats to sequester E. coli and microcystin LR and RR was conducted in the near-shore waters of Grand Traverse Bay (7 sites), Little Traverse Bay (2 sites), and Saginaw Bay (8 sites). The sampling locations were at public beach access points where Cladophora mats were previously observed. The goals of this research were to determine the spatial and temporal variability of E. coli populations in Cladophora mats in these recreational waters and if cyanotoxins (microcystin LR and RR) are sequestered in the detached algae. The collection of Cladophora samples was coordinated with local beach monitoring programs to facilitate the comparison with ambient water bacteria concentrations. This project provided important data for the assessment of public health impacts and the development of beach management programs to address the problems associated with Cladophora accumulations.
Based on the results from this investigation, Saginaw Bay appears to be more heavily impacted by detached Cladophora than Grand Traverse/Little Traverse Bays. Mean E. coli concentrations in detached Cladophora were higher in Saginaw Bay (2,796 cfu/g dwt) than Grand Traverse Bay/Little Traverse Bay (1,775cfu/g dwt); however, the difference was not statistically significant (Mann-Whitney ρ=0.40). Cladophora deposits exhibited spatial and temporal variability in both systems. At most beaches in Grand Traverse Bay, Cladophora deposits were limited to small pockets at 1 location. Clinch Park had only one site with Cladophora on the last sampling event and two locations at the Traverse City State Park were free of detached algal accumulations. In contrast, Cladophora deposits in Saginaw Bay covered approximately 1 meter (m) of the shoreline at most beaches. Two locations in Saginaw Bay also had no accumulations of Cladophora during the study period (White’s Beach and Pinconning Park). Differences in Cladophora accumulation between Saginaw Bay and Grand Traverse Bay/Little Traverse Bay may be attributed to higher total phosphorus levels in Saginaw Bay. Levels of E. coli in detached Cladophora in both systems were similar to concentrations previously reported in the Great Lakes (1,000 cfu/g dwt – 60,000 cfu/g dwt). In Saginaw Bay, the highest levels of E. coli in detached Cladophora were consistently found at beaches near the Saginaw River. Even within individual sites, locations near tributaries and drains at Wenona Beach and South Linwood Beach were significantly higher than locations farther away from a point source. This relationship also was noted in Grand Traverse Bay, where the location near Mitchell Creek at the Traverse City State Park, had elevated E. coli concentrations in detached Cladophora compared to the other beach locations. These results suggest that Cladophora can trap bacteria from point sources and also be stimulated by nutrient discharges. Two locations, Pinconning Park and White’s Beach, had very limited Cladophora growth. Both locations had Chara growing on the lake bottom. Chara is known to exhibit allelopathic activity that can limit the growth of other aquatic plants. No correlation was found between E. coli levels in the open water (designated beach monitoring locations) and the near-shore zone, where the detached Cladophora samples were taken. As noted in previous studies, Cladophora appears to hold trapped E. coli and does not release the entrained bacteria into the offshore water.
This investigation was the first to document the accumulation of microcystins in the detached Cladophora of Saginaw Bay. Total microcystins in detached Cladophora had a grand mean of 57 μg/g dwt for the study period. Saginaw Bay has a history of Microcystis blooms in the late vi summer months that produce both microcystin LR and RR. Since Microcystis has a high requirement for sunlight, cyanobacteria may become stressed when they are trapped in the detached algae mats. While accidental ingestion by humans of microcystins trapped in Cladophora is unlikely, these compounds can act as skin irritants. Walking through Cladophora accumulations to get to deeper water may provide sufficient exposure to cause irritation in sensitive individuals if microcystins are present. Although the data suggest that swimming areas (1 m depth) are not impacted by the E. coli accumulations in detached Cladophora, entrained bacteria and cyanotoxins may pose a hazard to children playing in the nearshore water and beach sand. Current regulations discourage beach grooming and altering the nearshore zone. The presence of elevated bacteria and microcystin levels in the nearshore environment of Saginaw Bay suggests that the current policy should be reevaluated to balance potential impacts to public health with the ecosystem services provided by coastal wetlands
Traverse Modern Root Cellar Interview, June 22, 2011. Julie Pomeroy Interviews Ross Traverse about Root Cellars, Torbay
No full textRoss Traverse talks about the use of root cellars in Newfoundland for keeping items like berries etc. Along with root vegetables; discusses how root cellars were cold storage that did not freeze that was ideal for storing potatoes which was the survival food; talks about potatoes being introduced to Newfoundland in the 1700’s which meant that there was a need for storage which did not freeze the potatoes; says that all people along the coast and even in the town had to have a root cellar; discusses the history of root cellars and connects that to the history of potatoes and the introduction of potatoes into the European diet and the need for proper storage in a cool place with high humidity; discusses that in some places there was two types of root cellars, one for cabbage and the other for turnip and potatoes; talks about root cellar in Cape Freels where they could no dig into the ground; Traverse discusses the cellar his family had when he was a child including what was grown and stored in it as well as some people purchasing produce like apples to keep in the cellar as once the ice came in to shore there was no way of getting anything; talks about families generally using cellars for their own families, and merchants usually having a cellar so they could sell vegetables to people; discusses orientation and drainage; discusses his modern indoor cold storage room in his basement; discusses when it was built and renovations; talks about what is important to know if you have a root cellar including ventilation and adequate insulation; discusses problematic issues including rodents etc; talks about how he keeps vegetables in the cellar and how his friend keeps come carrots in his cellar for him because he can’t keep them as well as a traditional root cellar and how his cellar is just personal use; discusses memories of his childhood cellar including the smell and the special storage of cabbage; traditions of root cellars vary across the province due to the types of landscape and figuring out what works; talks about a time when he studied root cellars and vegetable storage in Labrador; talks about freezing and thawing of some vegetables; Traverse talks about his education and career background
Quantifying the traverse: a comprehensive kinematic analysis of climbing technique
No full textBiomechanical analysis plays a pivotal role in enhancing performance and preventing injuries in rock climbing. Despite a recent increase in popularity, there remains a lack of research quantifying full-body movements, resulting in uncertainty regarding biomechanical demands and variability. It should be noted that there is a scarcity of data in climbing research to quantify optimal techniques, particularly for traverses. This study aims to address this gap by examining the demands of a traverse in a controlled setting using Vicon marker-based three-dimensional (3D) motion capture. Fourteen experienced climbers (32 ± 13 years, 70 ± 9 kg) with varying skill levels (intermediate to advanced) and climbing backgrounds (sport climbing, trad climbing and bouldering) completed a two-minute standardised traverse on a custom-built Lattice circuit (2440 × 2440 × 1220 mm). A twelve-camera (200 Hz, Vantage) motion analysis system (Vicon, Motion Systems Ltd. Oxford, United Kingdom) acquired kinematic data. Retroreflective markers were attached to anatomical landmarks of the upper and lower body. The trials were preceded by a 10-minute self-selected warmup. This data will be analysed to assess the degree of inter-participant variability, observing if there is the possibility of quantifying an optimal traversing technique. Intra-participant variability will be assessed, to measure the effect of fatigue on the climbing movement. Previous literature has alluded to the possibility of fatigue increasing the use of the legs when climbing as compensation. Comparing the beginning of the traverse to the end, data should further substantiate this claim. This research will offer insights into the kinematic demands of rock climbing, laying the groundwork for further studies on a larger scale to assess the possibility of optimising technique, performance, and injury strategies. This study contributes to bridging the vast gap between biomechanical research and practical applications in the climbing community, facilitating a more evidence-based approach to performance
Full body joint kinematics of experienced climbers during a standardised traverse
No full textThe recent addition of climbing as an Olympic sport has emphasized the importance of comprehending the sport's techniques to aid coaching. However, technological and equipment constraints have limited detailed kinematic analyses of climbing tasks (Kozin [2020]. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, 22, 57-66). Fortunately, advances in wearable systems, such as inertial measurement units (IMUs), have enabled detailed kinematic analyses in real-world settings. The study purpose was to quantify whole-body kinematics of experienced climbers during a standardized traverse, a common technique where climbers move laterally across a wall or rock face. Following institutional ethical approval, nine male climbers (age: 27±11 years; body mass: 74±12 kg; 6±4 years of climbing experience) participated in this study. 10 Blue Trident IMUs (Vicon, Motion Systems Ltd. Oxford, United Kingdom) were placed on the upper back, pelvis, upper arms, forearms, thighs and shanks. Prior to the traverse participants held a calibration pose for two seconds. Participants completed two-mins of a standardised circuit on an adapted Lattice board (2440mm x 2440mm) angled at zero degrees. OpenSense workflow for OpenSim was used to calculate upper and lower body joint angles from IMU sensors. Lower limb range of motion (ROM) values were 150.8±29.8°, 80.0±0.1° and 78.0±0.1° and 145.1±0.1° for hip flexion/extension, add/abduction and int/external rotation, and knee flexion, respectively. All values of the trail leg exceeded the lead leg. Group upper body ROM values were 266.5.8±6.1°, 210.1±0.1° and 169.4±20.5° and 120.3±34.2° for shoulder flexion/extension, add/abduction and int/external rotation, and elbow flexion, respectively. All values of the lead arm exceeding the trail arm. These findings suggest that there may be differences in the demands placed on the lead and trail limbs during a standardized traverse. Climbers may rely more on their trail leg for support and stability while using the lead leg for pushing and propelling themselves forward. Similarly, climbers may rely more on their lead arm for reaching and grasping while using the trail arm for support and balance. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of individual differences in climbing styles and strategies, as evidenced by the large inter-subject variability in joint angles across the group. Coaches should consider differences in limb demands and individual variations in climbing styles when designing training programs for climbers to ensure that they are tailored to the specific needs of each athlete
When I was a young thing and wanted to roam
No full textFather's advice to son before setting off on his travels to see the world and life - save for the future: copper turns to silver, silver to gold; don't be afraid to take the comforts of marriage when done travelling.Annotation project: no references found
There's a girl in St. John's City I'm going for to see
No full textSoldier must leave his love and go to battle - he hopes that she will think of him when he is 'far away'.Appears to be an updated, localized version of "The Yellow Rose of Texas"
Attention Newfoundlanders, come listen to my song
No full textTwo men on a smuggling trip to St. Pierre meet with a heavy storm on their way back. Prayed to the "Almighty", "His Holy Mother", and the "Blessed Saviour" to save them. Were saved by a passing vessel captained by "Harvey" who took them to Marystown
Ah love let us get married
No full textJealous lover follows girl to a dance and puts poison in the wine from which they both drink. Subsequently, they die in each others arms.Laws, ABBB, P30
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