473 research outputs found
Second best toll and capacity optimisation in network: solution algorithm and policy implications
No full textThis paper looks at the first and second-best jointly optimal toll and road capacity investment problems from both policy and technical oriented perspectives. On the technical side, the paper investigates the applicability of the constraint cutting algorithm for solving the second-best problem under elastic demand which is formulated as a bilevel programming problem. The approach is shown to perform well despite several problems encountered by our previous work in Shepherd and Sumalee (2004). The paper then applies the algorithm to a small sized network to investigate the policy implications of the first and second-best cases. This policy analysis demonstrates that the joint first best structure is to invest in the most direct routes while reducing capacities elsewhere. Whilst unrealistic this acts as a useful benchmark. The results also show that certain second best policies can achieve a high proportion of the first best benefits while in general generating a revenue surplus. We also show that unless costs of capacity are known to be low then second best tolls will be affected and so should be analysed in conjunction with investments in the network
Analysing the design criteria of charging cordons
No full textThe idea of the efficient use of roads, which requires users to pay for the traffic congestion cost that they impose on an urban road network, is long established (Pigou, 1920; Walters, 1961). However, the gap between the constructive theory of road pricing and its real world application is significant due to the issue of public acceptance, technical feasibility, and the cost of implementation (Sharp, 1966; Verhoef et al, 1995; Stenman and Sterner, 1998; and Sumalee, 2000). Different charging regimes have been developed and studied including time or delay based charging, distance based charging, cordon or boundary based charging, and area based charging (Holland and Watson, 1978; May, 1992; Oldridge, 1990; Smith et al, 1994; and Ison, 1998). The cordon charging system is the core of the study in this paper where we are looking for criteria for the judgmental design of cordons. We use the term “judgmental cordon design” to describe the process to identify the best locations to levy the charges and specify the optimal charge levels based on professional judgment.
This paper reviews the literature to identify design criteria in section 2, and then it describes a survey with six UK local authorities in section 3. Section 4 presents the results of the survey and finally section 5 discuss the results and draw the conclusions
Fig. 2 in Isolation of CFTR and TMEM16A inhibitors from Neorautanenia mitis (A. Rich) Verdcourt: Potential lead compounds for treatment of secretory diarrhea
No full textFig. 2. Crystal structures of compounds 11 and 20 (CCDC, 1973442 and 1972703, respectively).Published as part of Dawurung, Christiana J., Noitem, Rattikarn, Rattanajak, Roonglawan, Bunyong, Ratchanu, Richardson, Christopher, Willis, Anthony C., Kamchonwongpaisan, Sumalee, Yimnual, Chantapol, Muanprasat, Chatchai & Pyne, Stephen G., 2020, Isolation of CFTR and TMEM16A inhibitors from Neorautanenia mitis (A. Rich) Verdcourt: Potential lead compounds for treatment of secretory diarrhea, pp. 1-11 in Phytochemistry (112464) 179 on page 3, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112464, http://zenodo.org/record/829352
A congestion-pricing problem with a polycentric region and multi-class users: a continuum modelling approach
No full textConsider a region of arbitrary shape with multiple cities competing for multi-class users that are distributed continuously over the region. Within this region, the road network is represented as a continuum and users patronise in a two-dimensional continuum transportation system to their chosen city. A logit-type distribution function is specified to model the probabilistic destination choices made by the different classes of users. In this article, two different congestion-pricing models for this multi-class and multi-city continuum transportation system are studied. The first model focused on utility maximisation, which determines the optimal toll rates that maximise the total utility of the system, while the second model is a cordon-based congestion-pricing model that offers a sub-optimal but more practical tolling strategy. Both models are solved by finite element method and a promising Newtonian-based solution algorithm. A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the mathematical program and solution algorithm.postprin
Multi-concentric optimal charging cordon design
No full textThe performance of a road pricing scheme varies greatly by its actual design and implementation. The design
of the scheme is also normally constrained by several practicality requirements. One of the practicality
requirements which is tackled in this paper is the topology of the charging scheme. The cordon shape of the
pricing scheme is preferred due to its user-friendliness (i.e. the scheme can be understood easily). This has
been the design concept for several real world cases (e.g. the schemes in London, Singapore, and Norway).
The paper develops a methodology for defining an optimal location of a multi-concentric charging cordons
scheme using Genetic Algorithm (GA). The branch-tree structure is developed to represent a valid charging
cordon scheme which can be coded using two strings of node numbers and number of descend nodes. This
branch-tree structure for a single cordon is then extended to the case with multi-concentric charging cordons.
GA is then used to evolve the design of a multi-concentric charging cordons scheme encapsulated in the twostring
chromosome. The algorithm developed, called GA-AS, is then tested with the network of the Edinburgh
city in UK. The results suggest substantial improvements of the benefit from the optimised charging cordon
schemes as compared to the judgemental ones which illustrate the potential of this algorithm
Bus lane safety implications : a case study in Hong Kong
No full textBus lanes have been widely adopted in major cities such as Hong Kong to improve the efficiency of bus services and increase bus modal share. However, their impacts on road safety have been overlooked. This study employs two observational before-after study techniques aiming to examine whether accident occurrences of the roads equipped with bus lanes had been changed thereafter. On the seven studied sites, decrease in public bus accidents, both fatal and serious (FS) and fatal, serious and slight (FSS) were found; but, increase in other vehicle FS accident were found. Albeit only two of the decreases and neither of the increases were statistically significant at the 5% level, the results appear to suggest that only public buses have benefited in terms of road safety from the bus lane operation. Further investigation into the impacts on non-bus traffic is thus required to provide an insight for future bus lane planning regarding safety.Department of Civil and Environmental Engineerin
Fig. 6. ABDCM dose-dependently inhibited TMEM16A in Isolation of CFTR and TMEM16A inhibitors from Neorautanenia mitis (A. Rich) Verdcourt: Potential lead compounds for treatment of secretory diarrhea
No full textFig. 6. ABDCM dose-dependently inhibited TMEM16A in Calu-3 cells. (A) Representative trace of change in Cl current. ABDCM at indicated concentration were applied 20 min prior to TMEM16A activation by Eact (10 μM). (B) Dose-response relationship of TMEM16A inhibition by ABDCM. Data were fitted to the Hill equation and expressed as means of Eact-induced Cl current (mean ± S.E.M, n = 3).Published as part of Dawurung, Christiana J., Noitem, Rattikarn, Rattanajak, Roonglawan, Bunyong, Ratchanu, Richardson, Christopher, Willis, Anthony C., Kamchonwongpaisan, Sumalee, Yimnual, Chantapol, Muanprasat, Chatchai & Pyne, Stephen G., 2020, Isolation of CFTR and TMEM16A inhibitors from Neorautanenia mitis (A. Rich) Verdcourt: Potential lead compounds for treatment of secretory diarrhea, pp. 1-11 in Phytochemistry (112464) 179 on page 6, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112464, http://zenodo.org/record/829352
ผลของการจัดการเรียนรู้แบบร่วมมือโดยเทคนิค STAD ต่อผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียนและความสามารถในการคิดแก้ปัญหาของนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 1 รายวิชาวิทยาศาสตร์ ในหน่วยการเรียนรู้เรื่องสารในชีวิตประจำวัน
No full textEffects of STAD–Cooperative Learning Method on Grade 7 Students’ Science Learning Achievement and Problem–Solving Abilities in the Unit of Substances in Daily Life
Naruemon Konklong, Sumalee Tientongdee, Araya Lee and Jadsada Ratniyom
รับบทความ: 21 พฤษภาคม 2561; แก้ไขบทความ: 8 เมษายน 2562; ยอมรับตีพิมพ์: 13 เมษายน 2562
บทคัดย่อ
งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อเปรียบเทียบผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียนและความสามารถในการคิดแก้ปัญหาของนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 1 โดยใช้การจัดการเรียนรู้แบบร่วมมือโดยใช้เทคนิค STAD กับการจัดการเรียนรู้แบบปกติ ในหน่วยการเรียนรู้เรื่อง สารในชีวิตประจำวัน กลุ่มตัวอย่างในงานวิจัยนี้คือนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 1 โรงเรียนรัฐบาลแห่งหนึ่งในกรุงเทพมหานคร จำนวน 60 คน ได้มาจากวิธีการสุ่มแบบกลุ่ม กลุ่มตัวอย่าง 60 คนนี้ถูกแบ่งเป็น กลุ่มทดลอง (30 คน) และกลุ่มควบคุม (30 คน) กลุ่มทดลองจะได้รับการจัดการเรียนรู้แบบร่วมมือโดยใช้เทคนิค STAD ส่วนกลุ่มควบคุมจะได้รับการจัดการเรียนรู้แบบปกติ เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัย ได้แก่ แผนการจัดการเรียนรู้แบบร่วมมือโดยใช้เทคนิค STAD แผนการจัดการเรียนรู้แบบปกติ แบบทดสอบวัดผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียน และแบบทดสอบวัดความสามารถในการแก้ปัญหาของผู้เรียน ข้อมูลที่ได้จะถูกวิเคราะห์ด้วยค่าทางสถิติคือ ค่าเฉลี่ย ร้อยละ การทดสอบทีแบบกลุ่มตัวอย่างเป็นอิสระต่อกัน และค่าความก้าวหน้าทางการเรียน (normalized gain) ผลการวิจัยพบว่าผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียนของกลุ่มทดลองสูงกว่ากลุ่มควบคุม (p < .05) และความสามารถในการคิดแก้ปัญหาของนักเรียนที่ได้รับการจัดการเรียนรู้แบบร่วมมือโดยใช้เทคนิค STAD สูงกว่าการจัดการเรียนรู้แบบปกติ (p < .05)
คำสำคัญ: การเรียนรู้แบบร่วมมือโดยใช้เทคนิค STAD ผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียน ความสามารถในการคิดการแก้ปัญหา
Abstract
The purposes of this research were to compare students’ learning achievement and problem–solving abilities of grade 7 students by using STAD–cooperative learning method and conventional learning method in the unit of chemicals in daily life. The samples of this study were 60 students in grade 7 at a public school in Bangkok. A total number of 60 students were randomly selected by using cluster random sampling method. They were divided into an experimental group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). The experimental group was taught by STAD–cooperative learning method whereas the control group was taught by conventional learning method. The research instruments used to collect data were STAD–cooperative learning lesson plans, conventional learning lesson plans, a learning achievement test, and a problem–solving ability test. Data were statistically analyzed by using means, percentage, t–test for independent sample, and normalized gain. The results revealed that students’ learning achievement of experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (p < .05). In addition, students’ problem–solving abilities of experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (p < .05).
Keywords: STAD–cooperative learning method, Learning achievement, Problem–solving abilitie
- …
