1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Effects of acetylsalicylic acid administration on liver CYP1A, UGT and antioxidant enzymes in a rat model of dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinogenesis.
No full textIntroduction There are growing evidences that support the regular use of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as effective chemopreventive agents for breast cancer (1). A recent study showed that dietary acetylsalicylic (ASA) and salicylic acid (SA) both inhibited the formation of dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced rat mammary tumours, suggesting as a possible mechanism of salicylate chemopreventive action the concomitant inhibition of tumour angiogenesis (2). To exert its carcinogenic effect, DMBA undergoes bioactivation, which requires oxidation to DMBA-3,4-diol-1,2-epoxide by hepatic and extrahepatic phase I enzymes, especially cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A (3). Cancer chemopreventive agents can modulate both phase I and phase II enzymes involved in the bioactivation or detoxification of carcinogens, respectively, and antioxidant enzymes as well. In view of the acknowledged importance of the liver in DMBA activation and detoxification, the aim of this work was to investigate the effect of a pre-treatment with ASA on the activity and expression of CYP1A, on CYP-mediated oxidative metabolism of DMBA itself, and on selected conjugative and antioxidant enzymes.
Materials and methods Seventy-two 45 day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=18 each) and treated per os as follows: control (olive oil); ASA (50 mg/ml saline/rat for 21 days); DMBA (10 mg/ml olive oil/rat at days 7, 14, and 21); DMBA+ASA (treated according to DMBA and ASA treatment schedule). Six animals from each group were sacrificed 24 hr after each DMBA administration (days 8, 15 and 22 of the experiment) and the hepatic subfractions were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation. CYP1A1-related O-dealkylation of either ethoxy- or methoxyresorufin, CYP1A1/2 apoprotein levels, and the extent of the in vitro metabolism of 3HDMBA were measured by published procedures (4,5). The assayed phase II and antioxidant enzyme activities included 1-naphthol-uridindiphosphoglucuronyl-transferase (UGT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) accepting 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene or ethacrynic acid as substrates, and DT-diaphorase (6); reduced glutathione content (GSH) was also determined (6). Data (means ±SEM) were expressed as percentage of control values and subjected to statistical evaluation by means of ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keul’s test.
Results At the different time points, DMBA significantly increased CYP1A content and functions (up to 10-fold), as well as the extent of its own metabolism. These effects, however, were not consistently affected by ASA administration. Conversely, ASA was able to considerably enhance the DMBA-mediated time-dependent increase in both GSH level and DT-diaphorase activity, reaching the statistical significance 24 h after the second and the third-, or the third administration of the carcinogen, respectively (Fig. 1).
Discussion and Conclusion Previous experiments demonstrated that ASA was able to reduce the amount of DMBA-DNA adduct formation in both the human mammary carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and mammary cells derived from DMBA-induced rat mammary tumours (7). The present data suggest that ASA could also exert its beneficial effect on DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis by modulation of liver antioxidant defence systems rather than by decreasing the expression of bioactivating enzymes. It is proposed that the increased GSH content and DT-diaphorase activity may eventually lower the amount of the ultimate carcinogen that can react with critical target sites of the mammary gland. This, however, does not exclude the possibility of an interference of ASA on DMBA activation and detoxification in the same orga
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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