1,721,300 research outputs found
Macrophage fusion cuisine
No full textIn this issue of Blood, Van den Bossche and colleagues identify E-cadherin as a new IL-4/IL-4Rα/STAT6-induced and polyamine-dependent marker of M2 polarized macrophages.1 This new pathway promotes formation of the E-cadherin/β-catenin complex, leading to homotypic and heterotypic cellular fusion (see figure) and plays an important role in guiding macrophage functions associated with Th2 immune responses
Macrophages, innate immunity and cancer: balance, tolerance, and diversity
No full textSmouldering inflammation is a component of the tumor microenvironment and represents the 7th hallmark of cancer. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) have served as a paradigm for cancer promoting inflammation. Tumor-associated macrophages orchestrate various aspects of cancer, including: diversion and skewing of adaptive responses; cell growth; angiogenesis; matrix deposition and remodelling; the construction of a metastatic niche and actual metastasis; response to hormones and chemotherapeutic agents.T and B cells or cancer cell-derived signals orchestrate the functional reprogramming of TAM. In general TAM acquire M2-like properties and resemble 'tolerant' macrophages, though there is diversity in pathways and phenotypes in different tumors. TAM can also express antitumor activity. Thus, in response to microenvironmental signals, TAM can exert dual influence on tumor growth and progression
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
L’EFFICACIA DELL’AIR SPARGINE NELLA RIMOZIONE DELL’MTBE DALLE ACQUE: PRIME VERIFICHE SPERIMENTALI
No full textUn rilevante problema ambientale degli ultimi anni è costituito dalla contaminazione di falde idriche da MtBE, causato da rilasci accidentali di prodotti petroliferi dai serbatoi interrati delle stazioni di rifornimento carburanti. Obiettivo del presente lavoro è stato quello di analizzare l’efficacia della tecnologia di Air Sparging nella rimozione del MtBE dalle acque. Si è così condotta una prova di rimozione in un’apparecchiatura di laboratorio che riproduce, in scala ridotta (1/10 ca.), un sistema di Air Sparging installato su una porzione di terreno saturo contaminata da MtBE. Le concentrazioni di MtBE in fase disciolta, misurate nel corso della prova da prefissati punti di prelievo posti all’interno del mezzo poroso saturo, hanno mostrato una generale e progressiva diminuzione dei loro valori, con una tendenza asintotica verso lo zero. Alcune considerazioni sono state formulate ad interpretazione dei risultati ottenuti
New vistas on macrophage differentiation and activation
No full textPlasticity and heterogeneity are hallmarks of myelomonocytic differentiation and polarized activation. Evidence published in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, together with other recent data, add new elements and perspectives to the current understanding of mononuclear phagocyte differentiation and activation and are discussed in this Commentary
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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