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    Experimental analysis of the airway circuit effects on breathing pattern generated by neonatal pulmonary ventilators

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    An experiment was performed in vitro to determine the effect of an airway-to-patient circuit on the breathing pattern actually delivered to the patient by a neonatal pulmonary ventilator. To this end, an automatic measuring system was implemented to record: (a) the ventilation parameter analog output signals provided by the ventilator and (b) the pressure value directly measured at the patient delivery site. The experimental analysis was conducted by examining various circuit configurations (tubes that differ in dimensions and rigidity, with and without humidifier, etc.) and pressure waveform changes. Noticeable differences between the respiratory pattern set by physicians and that actually delivered to the patient were observed and the measured data provide indication for correct air circuit design. Finally, the results contributed to increase the attention of the medical therapist, who is the only one able to estimate the actual patient ventilatory needs and their ranges of variation, to a more accurate ventilator setting in order to assure the correct breathing pattern for neonate health

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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