196 research outputs found
Web Services Compositions Modelling and Choreographies Analysis
No full textInternational audienceIn (Rouached, Godart and al. 2006; Rouached, Godart 2007), we have described the semantics of WSBPEL by way of mapping each of the WSBPEL (Arkin, Askary and al. 2004) constructs to the EC algebra and building a model of the process behaviour. With these mapping rules, we have described a modelling approach of a process defined for a single Web service composition. However, this modelling is limited to a local view and can only be used to model the behaviour of a single process. A series of compositions in Web service choreography need specific modelling activities that are not explicitly derived from an implementation. An elaboration of modelling is then required to represent the behaviour of interacting compositions across partnered processes. This elaboration provides a representation that enables us to perform analysis of service interaction for behaviour properties. The ability to perform verification and validation between execution and design, and within the process compositions themselves, is a key requirement of the Web services architecture specification. In this paper, we further the semantic mapping to include Web service composition interactions through modelling Web service conversations and their choreography. We describe this elaboration of models to support a view of interacting Web service compositions extending the mapping from WSBPEL to EC, and including Web service interfaces (WSDL) for use in modelling between services. The verification and validation techniques are also exposed. An automated induction-based theorem prover is used as verification back-end
Inventaire des gastéropodes terrestres dans deux sites de la région de Mila (Rouached et Oued-endja)
No full textThe objective of this study is to inventory and assess the biodiversity of terrestrial pulmonate molluscs in the Mila wilaya in two Rouached and Oued-endja sites during the period from October 2018 to May 2019. The species surveyed are: Milax gagates, Milax nigricans, Helix aspersa, Helix aperta, Dupotetia alabastra zonata, Helicella virgata, Cochlicella barbara, Rumina decollata, the dominant species is Helix aspersa followed by
Helix aperta. The physicochemical analyzes show that the soils are alkaline, unsalted, clay-silty soil, they are soils of fairly low porosity. The diversity index of Shanon-Weaver is important in the two sites (2,65bits) in Oued-endja and (2,73bits) in Rouached which explains the diversity of the malacological species. The uitability greater than 0.5, so the populations of the gastropods are in equilibrium with each other in the two study sites. The distribution of gastropods, the diversity is correlated with the physico-chemical properties of the soil, the
availability of vegetation and climatic factors (seasons). According to this study, the species Helix aspersa and Helix aperta can be considered as bioindicators of soil quality.La présente étude a pour objectif l’inventaire et l’évaluation de la biodiversité des mollusques pulmonés terrestres dans la wilaya de Mila dans deux sites Rouached et Ouedendja pendant la période s’étalant octobre 2018 à mai 2019. Les espèces recensées sont :Milax gagates, Milax nigricans, Helix aspersa, Helix aperta, Dupotetia alabastra zonata, Helicella virgata, Cochlicella barbara, Rumina decollata, l’espèce dominante est Helix aspersa suivie par Helix aperta. Les analyses physico-chimique montrent que les sols sont du pHeau alcalin, non salé, de texture argilo-limoneuse, ce sont des sols de porosité assez faible. L’indice de diversité de
Shanon-Weaver est important dans les deux sites (2,65bits) à Oued-endja et (2,73bits) à Rouached ce qui explique la diversité des espèces malacologiques .L’équitabilité supérieure à 0,5, donc les peuplements des gastéropodes sont en équilibre entre eux dans les deux sites d’étud .La répartition des gastéropodes, la diversité sont corrélés avec les propriété physicochimiques du sol, la disponibilité de la végétation et les facteurs climatiques (saisons). D’après cette étude on peut considérer que les espèces Helix aspersa et Helix aperta comme des bioindicatrices de la qualité du sol
Case Study: Second Year Experimental Sciences’ Students at First November 1954 Secondary School Rouached-Mila.
No full textDue to the development of technology and modern life, listening skills have become more important than ever before. Teaching foreign languages has proven to be ineffective without adequate listening comprehension and the use of a variety of materials that foster these vital skills. These materials are not always appropriate for learners for different reasons. As a result, the ultimate solution is the adaptation of these authentic textbook materials to meet what teachers and instructors are searching for via the curriculum and the objectives set for any course. The key goal of this research is to investigate how adapting textbook listening materials enhances the listening comprehension of English foreign language (EFL) learners. Data for this work was gathered from 25 second year Experimental sciences pupils at First November High School at Rouached, their teacher and 20 Algerian teachers from different schools through the use of a test, an interview and a questionnaire. These tools demonstrate that teachers frequently adapt textbook listening materials to meet the needs and interests of their students. The results of the study confirm the hypothesis, which implies the fact that adapting textbook listening materials improves learners’ listening competence
A Semantical Framework To Engineering WSBPEL Processes
No full textInternational audienceWeb services promise the interoperability of various applications running on heterogeneous platforms over the Internet, and are gaining more and more attention. Web service composition refers to the process of combining Web services to provide value-added services, which has received much interest in supporting enterprize application integration. Industry standards for Web Service composition, such as WSBPEL, provide the notation and additional control mechanisms for the execution of business processes in Web service collaborations. However, these standards do not provide support for checking interesting properties related to Web Service and process behavior. In an attempt to fill this gap, we describe a formalization of WSBPEL business processes, that adds communications semantics to the specifications of interacting Web services, and uses a formal logic to model their dynamic behavior, which enables their formal analysis and the inference of relevant properties of the systems being built
Functional expression of PHO1 to the Golgi and trans-Golgi network and its role in export of inorganic phosphate
No full textArabidopsis thaliana PHO1 is primarily expressed in the root vascular cylinder and is involved in the transfer of inorganic phosphate (Pi) from roots to shoots. To analyze the role of PHO1 in transport of Pi, we have generated transgenic plants expressing PHO1 in ectopic A. thaliana tissues using an estradiol-inducible promoter. Leaves treated with estradiol showed strong PHO1 expression, leading to detectable accumulation of PHO1 protein. Estradiol-mediated induction of PHO1 in leaves from soil-grown plants, in leaves and roots of plants grown in liquid culture, or in leaf mesophyll protoplasts, was all accompanied by the specific release of Pi to the extracellular medium as early as 2–3 h after addition of estradiol. Net Pi export triggered by PHO1 induction was enhanced by high extracellular Pi and weakly inhibited by the proton-ionophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. Expression of a PHO1-GFP construct complementing the pho1 mutant revealed GFP expression in punctate structures in the pericycle cells but no fluorescence at the plasma membrane. When expressed in onion epidermal cells or in tobacco mesophyll cells, PHO1-GFP was associated with similar punctate structures that co-localized with the Golgi/trans-Golgi network and uncharacterized vesicles. However, PHO1-GFP could be partially relocated to the plasma membrane in leaves infiltrated with a high-phosphate solution. Together, these results show that PHO1 can trigger Pi export in ectopic plant cells, strongly indicating that PHO1 is itself a Pi exporter. Interestingly, PHO1-mediated Pi export was associated with its localization to the Golgi and trans-Golgi networks, revealing a role for these organelles in Pi transport.A. Bulak Arpat, Pasqualina Magliano, Stefanie Wege, Hatem Rouached, Aleksandra Stefanovic and Yves Poirie
TransDetect identifies a new regulatory module controlling phosphate accumulation.
No full textIdentifying transcription factors (TFs) cooperation controlling target gene expression is still an arduous challenge. The accuracy of current methods at genome scale significantly drops with the increase in number of genes, which limits their applicability to more complex genomes, like animals and plants. Here, we developed an algorithm, TransDetect, able to predict TFs combinations controlling the expression level of a given gene. TransDetect was used to identify novel TFs modules regulating the expression of Arabidopsis phosphate transporter PHO1;H3 comprising MYB15, MYB84, bHLH35 and ICE1. These TFs were confirmed to interact between themselves and with the PHO1;H3 promoter. Phenotypic and genetic analyses of TF mutants enable the organization of these four TFs and PHO1;H3 in a new gene regulatory network controlling phosphate accumulation in zinc-dependent manner. This demonstrates the reliability of TransDetect to extract directionality in non-dynamic transcriptomes and to provide blueprint to identify gene regulatory network involved in a given biological process
An Event Based Model for Web Service Coordination
No full textThe promise of Web services is centered around standard and interoperable means for integrating loosely coupled Web based components that expose well-defined interfaces, while abstracting the implementation and platform specific details. The current and more mature core Web services standards SOAP, WSDL and UDDI provide a solid foundation to accomplish this. However, these specifications primarily enable development of simple Web services whereas the ultimate goal of Web services is to facilitate and automate business process collaborations both inside and outside enterprize boundaries. Useful business applications of Web services in B2B, B2C, and enterprize application integration environments will require the ability to compose complex and distributed Web services and the ability to formally describe the relationships between the constituent low-level services. This paper advocates an event-based approach for Web services coordination. We focused on reasoning about events to capture the semantics of complex Web service combinations. Then we present a formal language to specifying composite events for managing complex interactions amongst services, and detecting inconsistencies that may arise at run-time
Natural allelic variation of the AZI1 gene controls root growth under zinc-limiting condition.
No full textZinc is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms and is involved in a plethora of processes including growth and development, and immunity. However, it is unknown if there is a common genetic and molecular basis underlying multiple facets of zinc function. Here we used natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana to study the role of zinc in regulating growth. We identify allelic variation of the systemic immunity gene AZI1 as a key for determining root growth responses to low zinc conditions. We further demonstrate that this gene is important for modulating primary root length depending on the zinc and defence status. Finally, we show that the interaction of the immunity signal azelaic acid and zinc level to regulate root growth is conserved in rice. This work demonstrates that there is a common genetic and molecular basis for multiple zinc dependent processes and that nutrient cues can determine the balance of plant growth and immune responses in plants
A rigourous approach for engineering web services compositions
No full textL'évolution de l'Internet comme support de communication entre les applications et les organisations a révolutionné les méthodes de coopération classiques. Les technologies réseaux actuelles, notamment les services Web, permettent le développement de nouveaux paradigmes de coopération. En effet, les entreprises peuvent dans un premier temps externaliser leurs procédés métiers comme des services Web pour former dans un deuxième temps ce qu'on appelle une entreprise virtuelle par compositions de services externalisés. Mais, comme souvent en informatique, ce qui est supposé apporter de la facilité apporte aussi son lot de complexité et de questions. Cela va de la pertinence des langages utilisés pour décrire les compositions de services, leur formalisation, leur vérification formelle avant et après l'exécution, au problème de maintenir une qualité de services constante. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une approche rigoureuse pour la spécification, la modélisation, la vérification et la validation des compositions de services Web. Le travail effectué a permis la mise en place de techniques de preuves pour les services Web pour répondre à de nouveaux challenges liés essentiellement à la composition et la vérification. L'approche développée consiste en : (i)la définition d'un langage de spécification de la composition pour assurer sa vérification formelle, (ii) l'extension du langage de composition transformé pour prendre en compte les aspects de communication entre des compositions différentes, (iii) l'extraction et la spécification des propriétés à vérifier avant et après l'exécution de la composition, (iv) la vérification de la composition (vérification a priori et vérification a posteriori), et (v) l'utilisation des spécifications des déviations détectées pour découvrir des services qui peuvent tomber en panne ou devenir indisponibles en cours d'exécution.The proliferation of the Internet as a communication medium between applications and organizations has revolutionized the classic methods of cooperation. The current network technologies, including Web services, allow the development of new paradigms of cooperation. Indeed, enterprises can outsource their business processes as Web services to form what is called a virtual enterprise by compositions of outsourced services. However, as so often in computer science applications, which is supposed to bring the facility provides also its set of complexity and questions. This covers the relevance of the language used to describe the compositions of services, their formalizations, their formal verification before and after running the composition process, and the need of maintaining a constant quality of services. The aim of this dissertation is to develop a rigorous approach to specifying, modelling, verifying and validating the behaviour of Web service compositions with the goal of simplifying the task of designing coordinated distributed services and their interaction requirements. More precisely, we have proposed a semantic framework that provides a foundation for addressing the existing limitations in the context of Web services compositions by supporting the following functionalities: (i) to formally specify requirements for BPEL processes. The requirements specify behavioural properties of the composition process, or assumptions about the behaviour of the composition as a whole and its constituent services, (ii) to extend the approach to include models of service choreography with multiple interacting Web services compositions, from the perspective of a collaborative distributed composition development environment, (iii) to verify these requirements against process executions. The requirements verification can be done either a-priori, i.e., at design time, or a-posteriori, i.e., after runtime, (iv) to use the specifications of the violated requirements to generate queries for discovering services that could substitute for malfunctioning services or services that may become unavailable or fail to meet certain requirements
Towards Formal Verification of Web Service Composition
No full texthttp://www.springerlink.com/Web services composition is an emerging paradigm for enabling application integration within and across organizational boundaries. Current Web services composition proposals, such as BPML, WSBPEL, WSCI, and OWL-S, provide solutions for describing the control and data flows in Web service composition. However, such proposals remain at the descriptive level, without providing any kind of mechanisms or tool support for analysis and verification. Therefore, there is a growing interest for the verification techniques which enable designers to test and repair design errors even before actual running of the service, or allow designers to detect erroneous properties and formally verify whether the service process design does have certain desired properties. In this paper, we propose to verify Web services composition using an event driven approach. We assume Web services that are coordinated by a composition process expressed in WSBPEL and we use Event Calculus to specify the properties and requirements to be monitored
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