1,722,379 research outputs found
Introduction
No full textThe theme of migrations towards Europe plays an increasingly central role in international political debate, and the defence of borders – both national and European Union – is increasingly frequently offered as a defence of not always clearly specified European values. Once again, therefore, an interpretation is given in which contemporary Europe exists regardless of and, in a certain sense, in juxtaposition to migrations and the presence of immigrants. This narrative has been exacerbated further since 2015.
The migratory crisis has been handled badly by the European Union and in many of the member states the topic of migration has been and still is the focus of what, to all intents and purposes, is a fear strategy that helps the many sovereign political parties that exist on the continent. A fear of immigrants has led to a sentiment of exclusion that has endured the passing of time and change and has called into question the multicultural model adopted by the process of European integration.
This book aims to elaborate on and historicise both internal and external mobility, reconstructing the stages and analysing how it was and still is closely connected to the formation and refoundation of Europe after the Second World War. In fact, despite being aware that inward migratory movements have been a feature of the history of the continent since long before, the book focuses on the period from the late 1940s and early 1950s: in other words, from that period when Europe was forced to rethink and rebuild itself from several points of view
Europe and the Latin American exile. From a revolutionary grammar to a human right’s one
No full textThe arrival in Europe of a massive political exile from the dictatorships of the Latin American Southern Cone, particularly from Uruguay (1973–1985), Chile (1973–1989) and Argentina (1976–1983), is not only a milestone of the region’s history, but can be framed in the context of the end of revolutionary political militancy in the twentieth century. In the second half of the twentieth century, the exile came to reflect the new leading role of the middle class in society and in the political system. Moreover, such exiles ended up becoming what can be called a mass phenomenon. Indeed, hundreds of thousands of middle-class members, mostly educated people with diverse levels of militancy, undertook an exile’s path where demands, expectations, problems, and individual desires very soon overcame militancy. This happened even more so in Western European societies, where individual and human rights discourse had an earlier relevance than in the Southern Cone. By contaminating and modifying the political discourse in Latin America, “the exile” contributed to shifting the revolutionary perspective towards a new perspective where human rights became fundamental. The shift from a once revolutionary grammar of politics and style of life, to a democratic discourse of accountability for human rights, and the conditions for immigrants from an historiographical perspective is the main topic of the chapter.L'arrivo in Europa di un massiccio esilio politico dalle dittature del Cono Sud latinoamericano, in particolare dall'Uruguay (1973-1985), dal Cile (1973-1989) e dall'Argentina (1976-1983), non è solo una pietra miliare della storia della regione, ma può essere inquadrato nel contesto della fine del ruolo della militanza politica rivoluzionaria nel XX secolo. Nella seconda metà del XX secolo, infatti, il fenomeno esilio è arrivato a riflettere il ruolo guida della classe media nella società e nel sistema politico fino a rappresentare l’esilio in sé un fenomeno di massa. In effetti, centinaia di migliaia di membri della classe media, per lo più persone istruite con diversi livelli di militanza, hanno intrapreso un percorso di esilio in cui le richieste, le aspettative, i problemi e i desideri individuali hanno ben presto superato la militanza per essere riconducibili a istanze individuali. Ciò è accaduto ancora di più nelle società dell'Europa occidentale, dove il discorso sui diritti individuali e umani ha avuto rilevanza temporale anteriore rispetto al Cono Sud. Contaminando e modificando il discorso politico in America Latina, “l’esilio” ha contribuito a spostare la prospettiva rivoluzionaria verso una nuova prospettiva in cui i diritti umani sono diventati fondamentali. Il passaggio da una grammatica politica e uno stile di vita rivoluzionari, a un discorso democratico e di responsabilità per i diritti umani e le condizioni di vita nell’esilio e l’influenza anche sulle società europee da una prospettiva storiografica sono l’argomento principale del saggio
Europe between Migrations, Decolonization and Integration (1945–1992)
No full textThis monograph addresses mobility and migrations as contributing phenomena in shaping contemporary Europe after 1945, in connection with decolonisation and the creation of the European Community. The disappearing of the colonial empires caused a large movement of people (former colonizers as well as formerly colonized people) from the extra-European countries to the “Old continent”; while the European integration project encouraged the movement of the citizens within the Community. The book retraces how, in both cases, migrations and mobility impacted the way national communities, as well as the European one, have been defining themselves and their real and imaginary boundaries
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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