742 research outputs found
A nucleoside-sparing regimen of dolutegravir plus ritonavir-boosted atazanavir in HIV-1-infected patients with virological failure: the DOLATAV study
No full textVincenzo Spagnuolo,1,2 Laura Galli,2 Andrea Poli,2 Alba Bigoloni,2 Luca Fumagalli,2 Nicola Gianotti,2 Silvia Nozza,2 Davide Ferrari,3 Massimo Locatelli,3 Adriano Lazzarin,2 Antonella Castagna1,2 1Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Milan, Italy; 2Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; 3Laboratory Medicine Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy IntroductionThe increased exposure of dolutegravir (DTG) when given with atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r), as well as the acceptable safety profile, may suggest the use of this combination as a two-drug regimen both in virologically suppressed and treatment-failing subjects.1–5 This nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)-sparing regimen, characterized by a high genetic barrier, may represent an option in patients who have failed previous regimens and developed pharmacoresistance mutations to NRTIs and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). However, no data on DTG plus boosted ATV in patients with virological failure are currently available. Therefore, the aim of the DOLATAV study was to investigate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of ATV/r 300/100 mg once-daily plus DTG 50 mg once-daily  
Preface to the Sixth Workshop on Natural Language for Artificial Intelligence (NL4AI)
No full textNatural Language Processing (NLP) is an important research topic in Artificial Intelligence (AI), as it is the target of different scientific and industrial interests. Natural Language is at the crossroad of Learning, Knowledge Representation, and Cognitive Modeling. Several recent AI achievements have repeatedly shown their beneficial impact on complex inference tasks, with huge application perspectives in linguistic modeling, processing, and inferences. However, Natural Language Understanding is still a rich research topic, whose cross-fertilization spans
a number of independent areas such as Cognitive Computing, Robotics as well as HumanComputer Interaction. For AI, Natural Languages are the research focus of paradigms and applications but, at the same time, they act as cornerstones of automation, autonomy, and learnability for most intelligent phenomena ranging from Vision to Planning and Social Behaviors. A reflection about such diverse and promising interactions is an important target for current AI studies, fully in the core mission of AI*IA. This workshop, supported by the Special Interest Group on NLP of AI*IA1 and by the Italian Association of Computational Linguistics
(AILC)2, aims at providing a broad overview of recent activities in the eld of Human Language Technologies (HLT) in Italy. In this context, the organization of NL4AI 2021 [1] provided researchers with the opportunity to share experiences and insights about AI applications focused on NLP in several domains. The 2022 edition of NL4AI is co-located with the 21th International Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence (AIxIA 2022), taking place on November 30th in Udine, Italy. The program of the meeting is available on the official workshop
website3. We received 17 submissions, 14 of which were accepted after peer-review
Concorso internazionale a inviti per Nuove terme,hotel e Masterplan per S.Pellegrino terme
No full textConcorso internazionale a inviti per Nuove terme,hotel e Masterplan per S.Pellegrino term
Disruption of Cerebellar Granular Layer as a Consequence of Germinal Matrix Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Extreme Prematurity: An Acute Direct Mechanism Too?
No full textCerebellum is an important brain structure for the future development of motor, cognitive, and behavioral abilities in children. This structure undergoes its most significant growth during the third trimester of pregnancy. Prematurity gathers several risk factors for cerebellar impairment and underdevelopment, and among them is ventricular dilatation following germinal matrix intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH). In this report, we illustrate how this prevalent complication associated with prematurity may induce secondary cerebellar cortical damage. A premature male born by an emergency Caesarean section displayed massive GMH-IVH at brain ultrasound performed after three hours of extrauterine life and died after 18 hours of life, despite maximized vital support. We report a postmortem histopathological specimen of the cerebellar cortex showing the disruption of the external granular layer (EGL) by hemorrhagic content flowing from the supratentorial ventricles into the fourth ventricle and cisterna magna. The expansion of the ventricular system and the presence of blood in the lateral ventricles can cause inflammation and damage to the cerebellar gyri. Experimental models have shown a thinning of the EGL, suggesting that blood surrounding the cerebellum has a harmful action. Additionally, a sudden influx of cerebrospinal fluid from the lateral ventricles may directly contribute to cerebellar damage, indicating that this may be another way in which the cerebellar gyri are impaired during acute severe GMH-IVH. This is the first histopathologically confirmed case of acute disruption in the cerebellar cortex during a GMH-IVH in a premature baby. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY -NC -ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Advances in the Treatment of Paraproteinemic Neuropathy
No full textPurpose of review Several advances have been made on the pathogenesis and therapy of neuropathies associated with paraproteinemia (monoclonal gammopathy). It is important for the neurologist to understand the pathogenetic relevance of this association especially when the hematological disease does not require per se any therapy. Recent findings Treatment of the neuropathy in patients with malignant paraproteinemia is mainly addressed by the hematologist while the neurologist is mainly involved in the initial diagnosis and in deciding whether the neuropathy is caused by the disease or by the chemotherapy used for the disease. There is little evidence that the neuropathy is caused by the hematological condition in patients with IgG or IgA monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) unless there is an evidence of a reactivity of the paraprotein with nerve or evidence of its presence in the nerve. Patients with a chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP)-like presentation should be treated as CIDP while there is no evidence that immune or chemotherapy may be effective in the other patients. In most patients with IgM paraproteinemia, that is usually a MGUS or an indolent Waldenströmâs macroglobulinemia, the neuropathy is induced by an immune reactivity of the paraprotein with nerve and particularly with the myelin-associated glycoprotein. There are now consistent data also from controlled studies that the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab may improve the neuropathy in these patients. POEMS syndrome is a severe condition characterized by a disabling neuropathy whose prognosis has improved in the last few years with therapies against the proliferating plasma cell clone or vascular endothelial growth factor including local radiotherapy and chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. Other therapies are also available for patients not eligible or resistant to transplantation, including lenalidomide and possibly thalidomide or bortezomib. Summary Several new therapies are now available for patients with paraproteinemic neuropathy consistently improving the prognosis of these neuropathies. In most instances, however, their efficacy needs to be confirmed in controlled trials
Concorso internazionale a inviti per la riqualificazione della Darsena,Milano
No full textConcorso internazionale a inviti per la riqualificazione della Darsena,Milan
Pediatric Orbital Osteoradionecrosis
No full textOrbital osteoradionecrosis is a rare complication of orbital radiotherapy. It can occur in children, associated with orbital radiotherapy treatment, mimicking recurrence of malignancy and infection. In children, it is most likely to be associated with orbital malignancies treated with higher doses of radiotherapy, such as recurrent orbital rhabdomyosarcoma
Il ruolo del marketing nello sviluppo di nuovi farmaci: Il caso Bayer
No full textL'analisi delle competenze necessarie alla progettazione e allo sviluppo di nuovi prodotti ha tradizionalmente privilegiato lo studio di competenze di tipo scientifico e tecnologico. Il ruolo del marketing, benchè considerato generalmente di grande rilevo, è stato quasi sempre valutato come secondario. L'analisi del caso Bayer permette di chiarire il contributo fondamentale delle competenze di marketing ai fini dello sviluppo di nuovi farmaci di successo. Tra le principali competenze di marketing strategico indagate nel caso figurano: 1) la competenza di orientare la ricerca scientifica su aree terapeutiche con significative opportunità di mercato; 2) lo sviluppo di molecole blockbuster all'interno delle aree terapeutiche; 3) l'estensione del lancio delle molecole nei mercati internazionali più promettenti; 4) lo sviluppo di innovazioni incrementali in grado di prolungare la vita media del farmaco. Tra le capacità di marketing operativo figurano: 1) la capcità di bilanciare il mix delle attività di marekting lungo il ciclo di vita del prodotto; 2) un oculato management della forza vendita; 3) gestire le relazioni con le autorità e le istituzioni che governano i processi di autorizzazione dell'immissione dei farmaci in commercio
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