21 research outputs found
Emission and absorption of CO2 during the sea ice formation and melting in the high Arctic
No full textThe carbonate system of the Arctic sea ice is considered. The observations were conducted in the Nansen Basin at the drifting station North Pole-35 in 2007–2008. It was found that total alkalinity – salinity ratio (TA/S) and total inorganic carbon – salinity ratio (TC/S) as well as TA/TC ratio in the ice column and seawater column are similar. The deviations from that pattern were observed in the upper thin layer of the young and first-year ice and in the ice snow cap. The TA/TC ratio (equals to ~2) in the ice snow cap was related with the calcium hydrocarbonate decay and CO₂ removal. It was shown that CO₂ removal was due to its emission into the atmosphere. The CO₂ flux was equal to ~0.02 mol/m² for season. The water formed during melting of the first-year ice was significantly under saturated of CO₂ and hence it may be a sink of 0.05 0.07 mol/m² of the atmospheric CO₂ per season
Correction of Antithrombin III Deficiency in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Get PDFAlthough antithrombin (AT) III concentrate therapy is attended by an increased risk of hemorrhage, the data available in the literature suggest that the agent may have a positive effect on outcome in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Administration of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is associated with a less risk of hemorrhage; however, there is no evidence for its impact on prognosis in DIC. Objective: to compare the effects of AT concentrate and FFP on the activity of AT and on the clinical course of DIC. Subjects and methods. Forty-three patients diagnosed as having as DIC (according to the JAAM scale) and <70% AT deficiency were included into a randomized clinical study. The inclusion criteria were as follows: age less than 16 years and more than 75 years; malignancy; hemorrhage; hemostatic therapy; a thrombocytopenia of <50X109/l. The patients were randomized into 3 groups: A) AT concentrate 500— 1000 IU/day; B) FFP 10 ml/kg/day; C) combined therapy. The agents were daily administered for 4 days in a persistent AT deficiency of 70%. Nadroparin, 95 IU AXa/kg/day, was used as concurrent therapy. Results. The activity of AT substantially increased in Group A and great differences between Groups A and B preserved during therapy: 69±16 and 51±14% (p=0.007); 72±18 and 56±13% (p=0.02); 73±14 and 57±16% (p=0.03), respectively. No significant differences were found in the severity of respiratory disorders, dysfunction of other organs, DIC scale scores, the incidence of hemorrhages (2 cases in Group A), allergic reactions (2 cases of urticaria in Group C) and in 30-day mortality — 40, 53.3, and 30.8% in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. Conclusion. As compared with FFP and combined therapy, AT concentrate therapy for DIC provides a more effective correction of AT deficiency. Further studies are needed to compare the impact of three therapy modalities on the outcome and incidence of complications in DIC. Key words: disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), diagnostic criteria for DIC, antithrombin III deficiency, antithrombin III concentrate, fresh frozen plasma
(Table 1) Snow and ice thickness and layering at observation points of the North Pole 34 drifting station
No full textVariability of total alkalinity in sea ice of the high-latitudinal Arctic from November 2005 to May 2006 is considered. For the bulk of one- and two-year sea ice, alkalinity dependence on salinity is described as TA = k x Sal, where k is salinity/alkalinity ratio in under-ice water. The given relationship is valid within a wide range of salinity from 0.1 psu in desalinated fraction of two-year ice to 36 psu in snow on the young ice surface. Geochemically significant deviations from the relationship noted were observed exclusively in snow and the upper layer of one-year ice. In the upper layer of one-year ice, deficiency of alkalinity is observed ( delta TA ~= -0.07 mEq/kg, or -15%). In snow on the surface of the one-year ice, alkalinity excess is formed under desalination ( delta TA is as high as 1.3 mEq/kg, or 380%). Deviations registered are caused by possibility of carbonate precipitation in form of CaCO3 x 6H2O under seawater freezing. It is shown that ice formation and the following melting might cause losses of atmospheric CO2 of up to 3 x 10**12 gC/year
Выделение и поглощение СО2 при образовании и таянии морского льда в высокоширотной Арктике
No full textThe carbonate system of the Arctic sea ice is considered. The observations were conducted in the Nansen Basin at the drifting station North Pole-35 in 2007–2008. It was found that total alkalinity – salinity ratio (TA/S) and total inorganic carbon – salinity ratio (TC/S) as well as TA/TC ratio in the ice column and seawater column are similar. The deviations from that pattern were observed in the upper thin layer of the young and first-year ice and in the ice snow cap. The TA/TC ratio (equals to ~2) in the ice snow cap was related with the calcium hydrocarbonate decay and CO₂ removal. It was shown that CO₂ removal was due to its emission into the atmosphere. The CO₂ flux was equal to ~0.02 mol/m² for season. The water formed during melting of the first-year ice was significantly under saturated of CO₂ and hence it may be a sink of 0.05 0.07 mol/m² of the atmospheric CO₂ per season
Chemical characteristics of snow cover in the high-latitude Russian Arctic (Baranov Cape, Bolshevik Island, Severnaya Zemlya)
Get PDFFor the first time, features of the chemical composition of the snow cover during its accumulation on the Bolshevik Island (the area of the research station «Cape Baranov» Ice base») were studied. In winter 2018/19, the following elements density, conductivity, total acidity, pH, NH4+, NO2-, NO3-, PO43-, and Si and, additionally, Na+, К+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42-, were measured in new and old snow. Regularities of changes in the parameters of these two types of snow with time have been found. New snow is characterized by negative time trends in density, pH, conductivity, and total acidity, and by positive ones – in NO3–. All statistically significant changing parameters of new snow, except NH4+, showed high temporal variability. In the old snow, trends of decreasing NO3– and total acidity and increasing pH with the depth in the snow cover, as well as a positive correlation between NO3– and NH4+ have been revealed, that is not typical for the new snow. It was shown that the ammonium content in the old snow was, on average, 2.8 times higher than in the new one. The influence of different natural and anthropogenic factors on the snow chemical composition on the Bolshevik Island is discussed. We show that the increase in the total acidity of snow up to 0.001–0.014 meq/l in November–June during the young ice formation and then freeze-up could be due to anthropogenic nitrogen and sulfur oxides in roughly equal proportions. However, the chemical composition of the studied snow corresponds to the zone of the ecological norm. We compared the chemical composition of snow on the Bolshevik Island with similar characteristics of precipitation in other background regions of the Russian Federation using data of the World Weather Watch of the World Meteorological Organization. It was revealed that the studied snow was more acidic, less mineralized, depleted in sulfates, ammonium, nitrates and contained low electrical conductivity. In comparison with the snow cover on the Golomyanny Island (Severnaya Zemlya), the studied old snow contained minimal amounts of basic ions and was more acidic
НЕЙРОПЕПТИД S100-b: ДИАГНОСТИКА ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННОГО ТЕЧЕНИЯ ИНФАРКТА МОЗГА
Get PDFThe major heart attack in the carotid system, going with the cerebral edema is considered to date as the most mortal type of the ischemic stroke. The only prove successful treatment policy is the decompressive craniectomy. The early start of the operative intervention, reported in the references, brings about improvement of the clinical outcomes, however under limited time the diagnostics issues remain open and, as a consequence there perform the unreasonable traumatic operational assistance. 43 patients with the severe ischemic stroke were examined and an analysis of the S100-b glial peptide as a marker of malignant brain infarction course was performed. The neuropeptide monitoring in the blood serum allows detection of the responders to the decompressive craniectomy among the high-risk patients within 12-16 hours of the disease onset till the clinical deterioration development, when according to the computerized tomography the certain changes have not in yet. Наиболее фатальным типом ишемического инсульта на сегодняшний день считается обширный инфаркт в каротидном бассейне, сопровождаемый отёком мозга. Единственная доказавшая эффективность лечебная тактика - декомпрессионная краниоэктомия. Раннее начало оперативного вмешательства приводит, по данным литературы, к улучшению клинических исходов, но в условиях сжатых сроков остаются открытыми вопросы диагностики и, как следствие, проведения необоснованных травматичных оперативных пособий. Провели обследование 43 пациентов с клиникой тяжёлого ишемического инсульта и оценку значимости глиального пептида S100-b как маркёра злокачественного течения инфаркта головного мозга. Мониторинг нейропептида в сыворотке крови позволяет выявлять респондеров для декомпрессионной краниоэктомии среди пациентов группы риска в пределах 12-16 ч от начала заболевания до развития клинического ухудшения, когда соответствующие изменения, по данным компьютерной томографии, ещё не наступили
Распределение кислорода и дефицита кислорода в атлантических водах в Евразийском суббассейне Северного Ледовитого океана
Get PDFThe results of hydrochemical study received during drift of SP-34 and SP-35 stations, and also oceanographic supervision in high-latitude Arctic expeditions 2005 and 2007 are presented. Variability of distribution of the dissolved oxygen and apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) in a core of the Atlantic water mass (AWM) in theEurasianBasinis investigated. Distribution of oxygen in a core of AWM is characterized by its almost constant contents in Amundsen andNansenBasinsand over Gakkel Ridge. Vertical distribution of oxygen in hollows is characterized by a minimum in a core of the Atlantic waters.It is shown that there is a relation between the water temperature in the core of AWM and AOU in the studied area — with reduction of water temperature apparent oxygen utilization increases.The smallest AOU is observed in AWM coming fromFramStraittoNansenBasin. Along the Eurasian continental slope AOU in a core of AWM increases, also the greatest its value has return Atlantic waters inAmundsenBasin. The possible scenarios explaining transformation of characteristics of a core of AWM extending along the Lomonosov Ridge are discussed.Apparent oxygen utilization in a core of AWM has significant variations of sizes in Nansen andAmundsenBasinsand unlike the size of the dissolved oxygen which variability is small, can serve as the good indicator of transformation and circulation of the Atlantic waters in theEurasianBasin
Диссекция как причина тромбоза внутренней сонной артерии и мишень для интервенционного лечения инфаркта головного мозга
Get PDFAcute ischemic stroke is a common cause of disability and mortality. In some rare cases, it can result from the structural changes in the major extracranial arteries, including vascular dissection. Due to the low incidence, the management of the acute period of dissection-associated stroke is not completely understood.In the clinical case presented, we describe the medical history of a forty years old patient in the acute period of cerebral infarction related to the dissection of the internal carotid artery, including the techniques and possible results of endovascular therapy. In this clinical scenario of acute stroke period, emergency angioplasty and stenting of carotid artery have been shown to be a highly effective approach.Ишемический инсульт – частая причина инвалидизации и смертности. В ряде случаев его причиной может быть патология магистральных экстракраниальных артерий, в том числе их диссекция. В связи с низкой частотой встречаемости тактика ведения острейшего периода инсульта, обусловленного диссекцией, окончательно не определена.В данном клиническом случае на примере 40-летней пациентки дано описание приемов и возможностей эндоваскулярной терапии в острейшем периоде инфаркта головного мозга на фоне диссекции внутренней сонной артерии. Использование неотложной ангиопластики и стентирования сонных артерий в острейшем периоде инсульта может быть эффективно при лечении пациентов с данной патологией артерий шеи
Modified Supraclavicular and Pectoral Nerves Blocks for Implantation of Intravenous Port System in Cancer Patients
Get PDFUltrasound-guided regional anesthesia can be an effective way to achieve analgesia during implantation of permanent intravenous port systems.The aim of the study was to improve the quality of perioperative analgesia during placement of permanent intravenous port systems.Material and methods. The prospective randomized study included 93 patients with malignant neoplasms. Patients were randomized into 3 groups, 31 people each, who were implanted with a permanent intravenous port system in 2019–2022. Group 1 patients were implanted under local infiltration anesthesia (LIA). Ultrasound-guided pectoral nerves block (PECS1) in group 2 was supplemented by LIA. In group 3 ultrasoundguided selective supraclavicular (SC) nerve block was supplemented with LIA. Pain intensity was assessed on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) at rest and while moving at 8, 16, 32 and 72 hours after implantation. The inflammatory postoperative stress response was assessed by the dynamics of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 1-β (IL 1-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6). We also analyzed the correlation of proinflammatory cytokines levels with VAS-measured pain intensity at the stages of the study taking into account a potential relationship between IL-6 and IL-1β fluctuations and the severity of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.Results. In groups 2 (PECS1) and 3 (SC nerve block), pain intensity measured by VAS at rest and while conducting daily activities was significantly lower than in group 1 (LIA). CRP levels were also significantly lower in group 2 and 3 patients as compared to group 1. The lowest IL-6 and IL-1β concentrations after port implantation were revealed in a group 3 in 24 hours after the procedure, persisting through day 3. There was a correlationbetween proinflammatory cytokines levels and pain intensity.Conclusion. Implantation of an intravenous port system under local infiltration anesthesia causes a significant inflammatory response in cancer patients, which can be balanced by regional techniques. Selective supraclavicular nerve block in combination with a local anesthesia for intravenous port implantation demonstrated the greatest analgesic potential and requires significantly reduced amounts of local anesthetic compared to pectoral nerves block in combination with LIA, or only local infiltration anesthesia
