6,406 research outputs found
Moni-pronominin muodot moni, monta ja montaa arkikeskusteluissa
No full textMoni-pronominilla on nominatiivi moni, kompleksinen muoto monta ja partitiivi montaa. Monta-muodosta tekee kompleksisen sen muuttunut käyttöala entisestä partitiivista nominatiivin kaltaiseksi muodoksi. Partitiiviksi on vakiintunut alun perin puhekielessä esiintynyt montaa, jossa on tuplapartitiivi (monta-a). Tässä pro gradussa on keskiössä moni-pronominin sisältämät lausekkeet ja muotojen moni, monta ja montaa käyttö arkikeskusteluissa. Tutkin, esiintyykö moni itsenäisenä ja määritteenä aineistossa ja onko lausekkeissa vakiintuneita fraaseja. Havainnoin, millaisia etumääritteitä moni saa. Tarkastelin lisäksi, mitä moni määrittää ja millaisiin asioihin se viittaa.
Aineistona käytin Arkisynin morfosyntaktista tietokantaa, jossa on noin 30 tuntia nauhoitettuja arkipäiväisiä keskusteluja ilman institutionaalisia rooleja. Tutkimus pohjautuu suomen kielen rakenteisiin ja käyttöön puhutussa kielessä. Tutkimusta tarkastellaan kvalitatiivisesti esimerkkitapauksin, vaikkakin moni-sanan esiintymiä ja vakiintuneita fraaseja on tarkasteltu kvantitatiivisesti kokonaiskuvan saamiseksi.
Moni, monta ja montaa muotoja on aineistossa 122 esiintymää. Niistä suurin osa esiintyy määritteenä, 95 esiintymää, ja loput itsenäisenä, 27 esiintymää. Nominatiivin kaltainen monta etumääritteenä dominoi arkikeskustelujen aineistossa. Moni ja monta esiintyy sekä itsenäisenä että osana lauseketta. Montaa esiintyy vain osana lauseketta. Lausekkeissa toistuu vakiintuneita fraaseja. Nominatiivimuodossa esiintyy moni muu -lauseke sekä yksikössä että monikossa. Perusmuodon kaltaisessa muodossa monta toistuu 18 kertaa monta kertaa, seitsemästi monta vuotta, kuudesti monta päivää, neljästi monta tuntia ja kerran monta viikkoo.
Nominatiivi moni saa etumääritteekseen aika. Nominatiivin kaltainen monta saa myös etumääritteen aika ja sen lisäksi monenlaisia etumääritteitä: kovin, hirveen, nii, tosi ja vaikka kuinka. Partitiivi montaa saa monta-muodon tapaan etumääritteekseen kovin ja niin.
Moni-muodolla viitataan elollisiin ja elottomiin asioihin. Nominatiivi moni itsenäisenä viittaa vain ihmisiin. Monta-pronomini määrittää substantiiveista yleis- ja erisnimiä ja yhdessä tapauksessa adjektiivia. Montaa määrittää persoonapronominia ja yleis- ja erisnimeä.
Monta esiintyy nominatiivina pois lukien muutama yksittäinen esiintymä, jossa se on partitiivina kielteisessä lauseessa. Silloin se esiintyy yleiskielen normeihin verrattuna odotuksenvastaisesti montaa-muodon sijasta. Partitiivimuoto montaa esiintyy ainoastaan kielteisissä lauseissa, joissa montaa-muoto on yleiskieliseen normiin nähden odotuksenmukainen. Moni ja monta ovat lisäksi kysymyslauseissa osana kysymystä.
Moni-pronominin sisältäviä lausekkeita ei ole tutkittu aiemmin tästä näkökulmasta, mikä antaa moninaiset jatkotutkimuksen mahdollisuudet. Moni-, monta- ja montaa-muotoja voitaisiin tulevaisuudessa tutkia esimerkiksi laajassa kirjoitetussa aineistossa tai suomen kielen oppijoiden kirjallisissa tai suullisissa tuotoksissa
Family planning success stories in Bangladesh and India
No full textThe Matlab Project in Bangladesh and the Kundam Project in India have demonstrated that a significant rise in contraceptive prevalence can occur in socioeconomic environments that are generally conducive to high fertility and mortality. The author describes the inputs and outputs of these two projects and tries to identify the factors underlying their success. Both projects are experimental in the sense that in each anintervention area is provided with special inputs that are not provided to a contiguous control area. The special inputs were different for the two projects. In the intervention area in Matlab, the project took responsibility for providing family planning and some rudimentary maternal and child health services that were considerably different from those provided in the national program. In Kundam, the project did not take responsibility for providing services in the intervention area, but rather tried to mobilize the community through various clubs and committees to take the most advantage of the government's family planning and other development programs. The success of the Matlab Project can be attributed to various aspects of the organizational system developed for delivering consumer-friendly services. The success of the Kundam Project can be attributed to various aspects of the system developed for community members'active participation in the program. The projects are not fully replicable because of inadequate human and financial resources, but the lessons learned from them should be useful in improving national programs. The Kundam Project is more realistic in the sense that it focuses on activities that supplement local activities of the national program rather than substitute for them (as in the Matlab Project). Thus the Kundam Project is more likely to be replicable than the Matlab Project.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Adolescent Health,Reproductive Health,Early Child and Children's Health,ICT Policy and Strategies
The Use of Flow Chemistry in the Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles
No full textMulticomponent reactions can be positively affected by the use of continuous flow approaches in terms of yield, selectivity, reaction time, real-time monitoring. Moreover, syntheses can be performed in a telescoped manner, with addition of components at different stages. Thus, reactions that by definition are not multicomponent in batch, can be considered so in flow. This chapter is focused on the different approaches that can be used to perform heterocycle multicomponent syntheses in continuous flow, and selected examples taken from the recent literature are used to highlight the advantages over batch synthesis
Chapter 2. Moni
No full textMoni and Me were neighbouring ethnic groups, with the Moni living to the east of the Me. In the northeast of the Me territories the boundary was the Isa River, a southerly tributary of the Kema (Roushdy 1940: 63-64; Boelen 1955: 4 and map on outside back cover; De Bruijn 1978: 90-91, 100). Farther south lay an inhospitable, very sparsely populated area that bordered on the high mountains of the southern range. It is unclear to me to what extent the Isa River was also an ideological boundary. ..
Reconstructing bimetallic carbide Mo6Ni6C for carbon interconnected MoNi alloys to boost oxygen evolution electrocatalysis
No full textMo6Ni6C is first utilized as a precatalyst for the OER process, reconstructing in the bulk to form small MoNi alloy clusters interconnected with atomically dispersed carbon, delivering 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 190 mV for the OER and at 1.47 V for overall water splitting (mass loading of 9.8 mg cm−2).No Full Tex
Nag Moni — Factors Affecting Human Fertility in non Industrial Societies : a Cross-Cultural Study
No full textJ. A. Nag Moni — Factors Affecting Human Fertility in non Industrial Societies : a Cross-Cultural Study. In: Population, 20ᵉ année, n°3, 1965. pp. 522-523
Fully Automated Surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Infections with MONI-ICU
No full textSummaryObjective: Expert surveillance of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) is a key parameter for good clinical practice, especially in intensive care medicine. Assessment of clinical entities such as HCAIs is a time-consuming task for highly trained experts. Such are neither available nor affordable in sufficient numbers for continuous surveillance services. Intelligent information technology (IT) tools are in urgent demand.Methods: MONI-ICU (monitoring of nosocomial infections in intensive care units (ICUs)) has been developed methodologically and practically in a stepwise manner and is a reliable surveillance IT tool for clinical experts. It uses information from the patient data management systems in the ICUs, the laboratory information system, and the administrative hospital information system of the Vienna General Hospital as well as medical expert knowledge on infection criteria applied in a multilevel approach which includes fuzzy logic rules.Results: We describe the use of this system in clinical routine and compare the results generated automatically by MONI-ICU with those generated in parallel by trained surveillance staff using patient chart reviews and other available information (“gold standard”). A total of 99 ICU patient admissions representing 1007 patient days were analyzed. MONI-ICU identified correctly the presence of an HCAI condition in 28/31 cases (sensitivity, 90.3%) and their absence in 68/68 of the non-HCAI cases (specificity, 100%), the latter meaning that MONI-ICU produced no “false alarms”. The 3 missed cases were due to correctable technical errors. The time taken for conventional surveillance at the 52 ward visits was 82.5 hours. MONI-ICU analysis of the same patient cases, including careful review of the generated results, required only 12.5 hours (15.2%).Conclusion: Provided structured and sufficient information on clinical findings is online available, MONI-ICU provides an almost real-time view of clinical indicators for HCAI – at the cost of almost no additional time on the part of surveillance staff or clinicians.</jats:p
KINEMATICAL AND CHEMICAL VERTICAL STRUCTURE OF THE GALACTIC THICK DISK. II. A LACK OF DARK MATTER IN THE SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD
No full textArtículo de publicación ISIWe estimated the dynamical surface mass density Sigma at the solar position between Z = 1.5 and 4 kpc from the Galactic plane, as inferred from the kinematics of thick disk stars. The formulation is exact within the limit of validity of a few basic assumptions. The resulting trend of Sigma(Z) matches the expectations of visible mass alone, and no dark component is required to account for the observations. We extrapolate a dark matter (DM) density in the solar neighborhood of 0 +/- 1mM(circle dot) pc(-3), and all the current models of a spherical DM halo are excluded at a confidence level higher than 4 sigma. A detailed analysis reveals that a small amount of DM is allowed in the volume under study by the change of some input parameter or hypothesis, but not enough to match the expectations of the models, except under an exotic combination of non-standard assumptions. Identical results are obtained when repeating the calculation with kinematical measurements available in the literature. We demonstrate that a DM halo would be detected by our method, and therefore the results have no straightforward interpretation. Only the presence of a highly prolate (flattening q > 2) DM halo can be reconciled with the observations, but this is highly unlikely in Lambda CDM models. The results challenge the current understanding of the spatial distribution and nature of the Galactic DM. In particular, our results may indicate that any direct DM detection experiment is doomed to fail if the local density of the target particles is negligible.Chilean Centro de Astrofisica FONDAP
15010003
Chilean Centro de Excelencia en Astrofisica y Tecnologias Afines (CATA)
GEMINI-CONICYT
32080008
COMITE MIXTO
Yale University/Universidad de Chile collaboration
US National Science Foundation
Yale University
Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Argentin
SINTESI E PROPRIETA’ BIOLOGICHE DI LIGANDI GLICOSIDICI MULTIVALENTI
No full textProtein-carbohydrate interactions are at the heart of many important biological processes as the
adesion of bacteria and viruses to the cell surfaces. It is widely accepted that nature compensates for
the low intrinsic affinity of carbohydrate for proteins through the cooperative binding between
multiple copies of ligands and receptors so that a strong adhesion results. This important concept,
termed cluster effect, has stimulated the search for the construction of highly glycosylated ligands
to inhibit polyvalent processes as well as probe for cell-surfaces-binding events. The aim of this
PhD research work was the synthesis of calix[4]arene-based glycoclusters via Cu(I)-catalyzed
azide-alkyne coupling reaction (CuAAC), as well as the investigation of their biological proprieties.
The first research conducted dealt with the synthesis of sialoside clusters as potential inhibitors of
viruses infectivity. Tetra- and octavalent sialoside clusters were prepared exploiting the multiple
copper-catalyzed cycloaddition of a propargyl thiosialoside with calix[4]arene polyazides. It was
demonstrated that these unnatural motifs did not hamper the desired biological activity of the
sialoclusters. In fact, they were able to inhibit, at submillimolar concentrations, the
hemagglutination and the viral infectivity mediated both by BK and influenza A viruses.
Then, this thesis focused on the possibility to support C-glycoside clusters on microarrays to study
their affinity against lectins. To this aim C-glycosylated calix[4]arenes have been synthesized in
which four galactose residues are linked through a triazole tether to the upper rim of the macrocycle
cavity while an azido group is present on the opposite side. Next the calixsugars were grafted
through CuAAC on mono or dipropargyloxymethyl-propanediol moieties allowing the synthesis of
oligonucleotides bearing one or two calixarene glycoclusters, respectively. Finally, their affinity for
lectins PA-IL and RCA 120, galactose specific lectins from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Ricinus
communis, respectively, were compared to that displayed by linear and antenna-type glycoclusters.
During the last period of the PhD work it was performed the immobilization of calix[4]arenebased
glycoclusters on TiO2 nanoparticles via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne coupling reaction. The
strategy that has been followed involved first the grafting of bis-functionalized calix[4]arenes
(azido groups at upper rim and fenolic or carboxylic groups at the lower rim) onto TiO2 and then
multiple click copper(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition
to propargil glycosides. The glyconanoparticles
obtained were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and infrared spectroscopy. This
constitutes the first example of TiO2 nanoparticles coated by a monolayer of calix[4]arene-based
glycoclusters
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