1,721,122 research outputs found
Implementation of a synchronous communication primitive in a loosely coupled system: a correctness proof
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Satellite remote sensing applied to off-shore wind energy
Full text linkWind as an energy resource has been increasingly in the focus of attention over the past decades, starting with the global oil crisis in the 1970s. The possibility of expanding wind power production to off-shore locations is attractive, especially in sites where wind levels tend to be higher and more constant.
Wind turbine energy production is usually evaluated by means of a wind turbine power curve, which is provided by the manufacturer and it is an important parameter to estimate wind plant per-formances. In this study we present a methodology aimed to support both planning of offshore wind farms using historical series of satellite data in order to detect the sites which could provide more wind energy production than others, and near real-time monitoring of offshore wind energy performances by means of SAR data. SAR wind data are retrieved from measured radar backscat-ter using empirical geophysical model functions, achieving good accuracy, global coverage and greater spatial resolution with respect to other wind measurement methods.
Moreover, we are able to calculate the AC power yield expected behaviour, using detailed models of each part of the wind plants.
In brief, we use SAR data from Cosmo-SkyMed in X-Band and from ERS and ENVISAT in C-Band to generate instant wind speeds and a composite product from NCDC NOAA to investigate wind climatology.
Such methodologies are currently being developed within the scope of SATENERG, a research project funded by ASI (Italian Space Agency). These methods have been applied in several test cases, and successful results in comparison with standard methodologies were obtained
Metodologie innovative per il supporto alla progettazione e all’analisi delle prestazioni di impianti ad energia solare a concentrazione ed eolici off-shore utilizzando immagini satellitari ottiche e SAR
No full textIn questo lavoro presentiamo delle nuove metodologie, sviluppate nell’ambito del progetto SATENERG (Servizi sATellitari per le ENergie Rinnovabili di nuova Generazione) finanziato dall’Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, sia per il supporto alla progettazione/pianificazione che per il monitoraggio quasi in tempo reale e l’analisi delle prestazioni degli impianti ad energia rinnovabile di nuova generazione (CSP, CPV ed eolici off-shore) utilizzando immagini satellitari. In particolare per quanto riguarda gli impianti solari a concentrazione (CSP e CPV), abbiamo sviluppato un metodo per ricavare l’irradianza solare incidente al suolo (in particolare la sua componente diretta normale rispetto ai raggi solari, fondamentale per questo tipo di impianti) da immagini ottiche satellitari. Ciò, unito ad un modello di funzionamento di tali impianti e degli inverter, ci ha resi in grado di poter sviluppare un servizio di supporto nella progettazione e pianificazione di nuove costruzioni di impianti CSP e CPV (analizzando serie storiche di dati satellitari) ed anche un servizio di monitoraggio e analisi delle prestazioni per quelli già esistenti (usando invece immagini satellitari quasi in tempo reale). In maniera simile, usando immagini SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar), abbiamo sviluppato un metodo per ricavare l’intensità e la direzione del vento in aree marine da remoto che ci ha permesso, utilizzando anche un modello di impianto eolico off-shore (turbina e inverter), di sviluppare sia un servizio di supporto alla progettazione/pianificazione che un servizio di monitoraggio quasi in tempo reale della produzione di un impianto eolico off-shore. Le prime applicazioni di queste nuove metodologie hanno già portato ad avere ottimi risultati in vari casi di prova sia per quanto concerne il monitoraggio dell’irradianza diretta su piano normale, in cui l’irradianza misurata e quella ricavata da dato satellitare non si sono discostate più del 10%, sia per quanto riguarda il calcolo dell’intensità e direzione del vento da immagini SAR, in cui l’errore rispetto al dato misurato è rimasto al di sotto del 15%, fornendo quindi una buona base per il monitoraggio della energia AC prodotta dagli impianti.In this work we present new methodologies aimed to support both planning and near-real-time monitoring of new generation solar and wind energy plants (CSP, CPV and wind off-shore) using satellite imagery. Such methodologies are currently being developed in the scope of SATENERG, a project funded by ASI (Italian Space Agency). In particular, for what concerns the concentrating solar energy plants (CSP and CPV) we developed a method to calculate solar irradiance at ground (and its direct normal component, that has primary importance in this type of plants) starting from satellite optical images. Then, using also detailed opto-electronic models of the plants and inverters, we are able to calculate the producible energy, which can be used to support either the design of potential plants (using historical series of satellite images) or the monitoring and performance analysis of existing plants (using near-real- time satellite imagery). Producible energy and other interesting parameters, like production efficiency, return on investment etc., are delivered through dedicated web services. In a similar way, we developed also a method to calculate the intensity and the direction of off-shore wind from satellite SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images that permitted us, together with detailed models of wind turbine and inverters, to develop a new service in support to both planning and near-real-time monitoring activities of off-shore wind plants. The first applications of these methods gave successful results in several test cases: we obtained a maximum error of 10% for satellite retrieved direct normal solar irradiance and a maximum error of 15% for wind direction and intensity calculated from SAR images (with respect to in-situ measured data)
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