1,720,974 research outputs found
Cytotoxic responses to unfractionated extracts from digestive glands of mussels
No full textThe contamination of bivalve molluscs by lipophylic toxins is mainly detected by the use of unfractionated extracts from contaminated material in mouse bioassays. The development of alternate detection methods based on the use of cultured cells is hampered by difficulties related to the complexity of matrices including toxic compounds obtained from contaminated material. In this paper we have used unfractionated lipid extracts prepared from the digestive gland of mussels, which gave a negative response by the mouse bioassay, and have investigated their effects on functioning of MCF-7 cells. We show that altered growth was induced after addition of lipid extracts corresponding to less than I mg of digestive gland per ml of culture medium. The cytotoxic effect was also confirmed by the analysis of the effect of the unfractionated extracts on four selected proteins, which were used as markers of general (actin), regulatory (mitogen activated protein kinase isoforms ERK1 and ERK2), as well as differentiative (alpha isoform of estrogen receptor) functions of the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Immunolocalization of yessotoxins in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis
No full textThis study reports, for the first time, immunocytochemical evidence of the distribution of algal yessotoxins (YTXs) in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Immunopositivity to YTXs was found in immunocytes and in the digestive gland. With regards the gland, the positivity was mainly present in the lumen of both tubules and ducts. No YTXs were detected in the gonads, while the presence of toxins in the gills cannot be excluded. The data are supported by both HPLC analysis and functional assays. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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