1,368 research outputs found
Value as the key concept in the health care system: how it has influenced medical practice and clinical decision-making processes
No full textChiara Marzorati,1,2 Gabriella Pravettoni2,3 1Foundations of the Life Sciences, Bioethics and Cognitive Science, European School of Molecular Medicine (SEMM), 2Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology, 3Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy Abstract: In the last 10 years, value has played a key role in the health care system. In this concept, innovations in medical practice and the increasing importance of patient centeredness have contributed to draw the attention of the medical community. Nonetheless, a large consensus on the meaning of “value” is still lacking: patients, physicians, policy makers, and other health care professionals have different ideas on which component of value may play a prominent role. Yet, shared clinical decision-making and patient empowerment have been recognized as fundamental features of the concept of value. Different paradigms of health care system embrace different meanings of value, and the absence of common and widely accepted definition does not help to identify a unique model of care in health care system. Our aim is to provide an overview of those paradigms that have considered value as a key theoretical concept and to investigate how the presence of value can influence the medical practice. This article may contribute to draw attention toward patients and propose a possible link between health care system based on “value” and new paradigms such as patient-centered system (PCS), patient empowerment, and P5 medicine, in order to create a predictive, personalized, preventive, participatory, and psycho-cognitive model to treat patients. Indeed, patient empowerment, value-based system, and P5 medicine seem to shed light on different aspects of a PCS, and this allows a better understanding of people under care. Keywords: health care system, value, value-based medicine, patient empowerment, clinical decision-making, patient centerednes
Riduzione dei livelli di rumore sismico ambientale nelle città italiane e stima dell’effetto sulla capacità di rilevamento della Rete Sismica Nazionale a seguito delle misure restrittive COVID-19 del Febbraio-Marzo 2020
No full textAmbient seismic noise is the component of the signal discarded in the procedures for interpreting the waveforms of earthquakes.
The Signal / Noise ratio (S / N) is a parameter for assessing the quality of the seismic data in relation to the possibility of detecting the phases of earthquakes useful for their location. The signal is represented by the seismic event, which is a rare transient when seismic sequences are not in progress. Using high-performance seismic equipment, the noise is represented by the ambient seismic noise, which is detected in the form of vibrations imperceptible by humans. In cases where the dynamics of the instrument is restricted and its intrinsic noise is high, the seismic ambient noise cannot be detected, information relating to the medium crossed from the source to measurement point is lost and its variations cannot be revealed.
Ambient seismic noise is a stochastic process from which stationary characteristics can be extracted, related to natural or anthropic sources that generally occur at different frequencies. Rapid vibrations with cycles below one second are well documented in the literature and are generally linked to anthropogenic activities, caused by industrial plants, domestic appliances, vehicular traffic and any transfer of energy to the ground that propagates seismic waves (Peterson, 1993; McNamara and Buland, 2004).
The restrictive measures issued by the Italian Government in year 2020 due to the contagion from COVID-19 (http://www.governo.it/it/coronavirus-normativa) have significantly reduced the sources of cultural seismic noise that transmit seismic waves into the ground, which are not perceived by people but only detectable by seismic instruments.
In Italy, the territory is monitored in real time and continuously by the National Seismic Network (RSN) of the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV Seismological Data Center, 2006). Some works show how it is possible to characterize the variability of seismic noise on the national territory, identifying the origin and nature of seismic waves of background vibrations (Marzorati and Bindi, 2006; Marzorati, 2007; Marzorati and Bindi, 2008; Li et al., 2010 ; Vassallo et al., 2012).
This report shows the reduction of the average levels of seismic noise in the frequency range between 2 and 8 Hz, so as to be able to exclude natural sources at lower frequency and to analyze signals that have the ability to propagate at significant distances from the sources, in order to reach seismic stations located in large italian cities or in their surroundings.
The seismic data of seismic stations of the RSN were analyzed by extracting the seismic noise values from the web services (INGVWS) of the National Earthquake Observatory (ONT) INGV (http://webservices.ingv.it).Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e VulcanologiaUnpublished4T. Sismicità dell'Itali
El desarrollo nuclear mundial con fines pacíficos a mediados del siglo XX. Un estudio comparativo
No full textFil: Marzorati, Zulema. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina.El presente trabajo pretende conocer el desarrollo alcanzado por la ciencia y la tecnología nuclear con fines pacíficos hacia mediados del siglo XX y evaluar el avance logrado por los países participantes en 1958 con respecto al de 1955.Fil: Marzorati, Zulema. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina
Prólogo. Asimetría y violencia en las relaciones de género. Discursos y silencios en las representaciones audiovisuales
No full textEsta publicación es el séptimo proyecto de la línea de Investigación Cine y Sociedad, coordinado, esta vez, entre la Universidad de Palermo y la Universidad de Buenos Aires por Zulema Marzorati y María Elena Stella. This publication is the seventh project in the Cinema and Society Research line, coordinated, this time, between the University of Palermo and the University of Buenos Aires by Zulema Marzorati and Maria Elena Stella.Esta publicação é o sétimo projeto da linha de pesquisa Cinema e Sociedade, coordenado, desta vez, entre a Universidade de Palermo e a Universidade de Buenos Aires por Zulema Marzorati e María Elena Stella. 
Work capacity of permanent residents of high altitude
No full textMarconi, Claudio, Mauro Marzorati, and Paolo Tibetan and Andean natives at altitude have allegedly a greater work capacity and stand fatigue better than acclimatized lowlanders. The principal aim of the present review is to establish whether convincing experimental evidence supports this belief and, should this be the case, to analyze the possible underlying mechanisms. The superior work capacity of high altitude natives is not based on differences in maximum aerobic power (V(O2 peak)), mL kg(-1)min(-1)). In fact, average V (O2 peak) of both Tibetan and Andean natives at altitude is only slightly, although not significantly, higher than that of Asian or Caucasian lowlanders resident for more than 1 yr between 3400 and 4700 m (Tibetans, n = 152, vs. Chinese Hans, n = 116: 42.4 +/- 3.4 vs. 39.2 +/- 2.6 mL kg(-1)min(-1), mean +/- SE; Andeans, n = 116, vs. Caucasians, n = 70: 47.1 +/- 1.7 vs. 41.6 +/- 1.2 mL kg(-1)min(-1)). However, compared to acclimatized lowlanders, Tibetans appear to be characterized by a better economy of cycling, walking, and running on a treadmill. This is possibly due to metabolic adaptations, such as increased muscle myoglobin content and antioxidant defense. All together, the latter changes may enhance the efficiency of the muscle oxidative metabolic machinery, thereby supporting a better prolonged submaximal performance capacity compared to lowlanders, despite equal V(O2 peak). With regard to Andeans, data on exercise efficiency is scanty and controversial and, at present, no conclusion can be drawn as to the origin of their superior performance
Un desarrollo científico tecnológico autónomo : la construcción del RA-1
No full textFil: Marzorati, Zulema. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina.Fil: Marzorati, Zulema. Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Marzorati, Zulema. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciencia y Técnica F202; Argentina.17 ref.En 1958, a pocos años de los orígenes del desarrollo nuclear en nuestro país, entró en criticidad el primer reactor experimental construido en Argentina con tecnología propia, a diferencia de otros países periféricos que decidieron comprarlos 'llave en mano'. Tomando como ejemplo este logro a nivel local, nuestro trabajo pretende contribuir a los estudios sociales de la ciencia acerca de la relación centro periferia, en función de que es posible realizar desarrollos científicos-tecnológicos autónomos, de trascendencia a nivel nacional, en los países en vías de desarrollo
Structural influence on glacial cirque morphology : the case of Pizzo Arera (Orobic Alps, Southern Alps, Italy)
No full textGlacial cirques are typical, common morphologies in high mountain areas. They are represented by a semicircular hollow
open downslope and bounded upslope by steep walls. The aim of this study is to point out the relationships between cirque
morphology, bedrock structures and lithology and to suggest a genetic model of these landforms.
The study area includes six glacial cirques and is located in the Orobic Alps, between Val Brembana and Val Seriana, on the
Pizzo Arera (2512 m a.s.l.) massif. The Orobic Alps belong to the Central Southern Alps domain and are characterized by a
series of thrust and folds with an E-W trend, a ramp and flat geometry and a southward transport direction (Schumacher et
al., 1997). In particular, in the Pizzo Arera area the variable stratigraphy controls the distribution of detachment layers and
lateral ramps of three thrust sheets (Schönborn, 1992). These thrust sheets are constituted by Triassic platform/basin limestones
and dolostones, and are separated by continuos and thick detachment horizons controlled by interbedded marls.
Geological, geomorphologic and structural data has been collected on the field (mapping scale 1:5.000) and then elaborated
through a structural analysis (both at meso and micro-scale) and a geomorphologic analysis.
The meso-structural analysis led to the identification of three deformation phases of Alpine age. The first one (D1 phase) is
the most important: during this phase the emplacement of regional thrust surfaces is accompanied by minor structures such
as folds (F1), foliations (S1 and S1bis), boudins, faults and fractures. The following deformation phases (D2 and D3) are characterized
only by brittle deformation, producing faults and fracture planes. The micro-structural analysis was conducted on
thin sections of rocks belonging to the thrust deformation zones. The thrust sheet limestones resulted affected by brittleductile
deformation with the formation of cataclastic and mylonitic rocks in which five deformation stages have been detected.
The geomorphological analysis permitted the recognition of macro and meso forms produced by gravitational processes,
glacial action and karst dissolution. DEM (Digital Elevation Models) and aerial photos analysis allowed the identification of
the distribution and morphological relief of structural elements in an area wider then the mapped one.
Afterwards, in each cirque, the results of the different analysis were integrated, in order to find out the relationships between
the different factors.
In all the six cirques an important role is played by structural discontinuities, but differently in two group of cirques: the
northward and westward open cirques and the southward open cirques. The first group shows a strong structural control on
the different sectors that make up the cirque morphology: the bottom of three cirques follows the course of the same thrust
surface and the lateral walls are always bounded by a fault, a fracture or the stratification surface; the slope processes are
mainly represented by rock falls and slidings and the rupture surfaces are often controlled by faults and fractures. The second
group exhibits the outcropping of more erodible rocks, therefore the structural surfaces have a less important control
on slope processes (mainly debris flow and soil creep). In one of these cirque, though, a lateral wall is internally confined by
an important fault and the difference in hight between the cirque floor and the ridge is compatible with the displacement
and the kinematic of the fault, showing a possible active role played by tectonics.
In conclusion, the genesis and development of the studied cirques was mainly due to gravitational movements directly controlled
by the distribution of structures. Faults and fractures often lead the development of weakness zones playing a passive
role in the slope shaping, except for one case.
The glaciers seem to have played only a secondary role, filling the cirques already existing and removing the debris previously
produced; however other studies are in progress to point out the extension of glaciers and better define their role
A simple way of computing buoyant plume rise in a lagrangian stochastic model for airborne dispersion
No full text
Prólogo
No full textThis publication is the eighth project in the Cinema and Society Research line, coordinated this time, between the University of Palermo and the University of Buenos Aires by Zulema Marzorati and Monica V. F. Gruber. Esta publicación constituye el octavo proyecto de la línea de investigación Cine y Sociedad coordinado, esta vez, entre la Universidad de Palermo y la Universidad de Buenos Aires por Zulema Marzorati y Mónica V. F. Gruber. Esta publicação é o oitavo projeto da linha de pesquisa Cinema e Sociedade, coordenada, desta vez, entre a Universidade de Palermo e a Universidade de Buenos Aires por Zulema Marzorati e Monica V. F. Gruber. 
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