1,721,188 research outputs found
Multiple primary malignancies
No full textAs the incidence and prevalence of cancer increase with age, it is reasonable to expect that the incidence and prevalence of multiple primary malignancies will increase as well. We ask here whether age is a risk factor for multiple primary malignancies and whether a special phenotype of older individual at increased risk of cancer may be identified. The main sources of information are autopsy series and tumor registries, which indicate that the prevalence and risk of multiple primary malignancies increase with age as expected, but that it is not possible to identify a particular phenotype that is at increased risk of multiple primary malignancies, among older individuals. It is also noted that the risk of endometrial cancer in association with breast cancer seems to increase in women aged 70 and older. Our conclusions are affected by the limitation of the sources themselves. These include for autopsy studies referral bias and overestimate of risk due to occult neoplasms, and for tumor registries, the quality and comprehensiveness of the registry and the evolution of diagnostic techniques overtime. Prospective follow-up of older cancer patients, involving measurement of circulating cytokines, whose concentration increases with age, and study of the genotype of older individuals, may provide new information about whether certain older individuals are at increased risk for multiple primary neoplasms
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
RISK OF BONE METASTATIZATION IN BREAST CANCER:ROLE OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES AND ADAMS TISSUE EXPRESSION
Full text linkINTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common female neoplasm in developed countries: it represents the first cause of death for cancer in women between 40-55 years old. Bone metastasis are common in patients affected by advanced breast cancer. In patients affected by metastatic breast cancer (MBC), the bone represents the most common site of metastatization. Some elements can explain the high frequency of bone metastasis: the blood flow is abundant in the bone marrow, the cancer cells produce adhesion molecules than link stromal cells and bone matrix, the bone tissue is a source of growth factors. Bone metastasis from breast cancer are usually ostheolytic. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are able to degrade all ECM components; ADAMs functions include cellular adhesion, migration and signaling. Their principal substrates are transmembrane proteins as adhesion proteins and precursors of growth factors and cytokines. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY This mono institutional study evaluates the expression of a panel of biological and molecular markers (MMP, ADAMs and TIMPS) in two cohorts of patients with breast cancers affected or not affected by bone metastasis. The main end point is to verify if there is some marker significantly correlated with the risk of bone metastatization. PATIENTS AND METHODS 297 records of breast cancer patients operated between 1985 and 2001 at San Paolo Hospital in Milan were analyzed. All avaible slides were revised, stained with hematossilin and eosin, Tissue Microarray (TMA) was created with Tissue Arrayer Minicore instrument. RESULTS Mean age of the population is 61 years (standard deviation 11.7; range 27-89 years). The control group has 207 patients (69,7% of the total). The group with bone metastasis consists of 90 patients (31,3% of the total). Of those, 45 (50%) have only bone localization of disease while 50% have both visceral and bone metastasis. In the control group, 173 patients out of 206 (83,6%) had ductal invasive carcinoma, 25 patients (12,1%) had lobular invasive carcinoma while 9 patients (4,3%) had other hystotype. Tumoral grading, MMP1, ADAM 17 and ADAM 12 were the parameters selected by the univariate analysis. ADAM12 expression was the only parameter significantly different between the two groups (78,26% vs 91,11% with p 0.036, OR=2.59, 95%IC 1.06-6.29). DICUSSION Our study shows that ADAM 12 is the only hyper expressed protein in tumoral tissue that is significant related with bone matastatization. ADAM12 induces estrogen-resistance in hormone sensitive tumors, play a role as mediator of the resistance to the hormonal treatment. 73,3% had a ER-positive and ADAM12-positive disease. It can be hypothesized that some ormonosensitive patients, treated with hormones would develop bone metastatization due to hyperexpression of ADAM12. Targeting ADAM12, together with hormonal treatment, could be a new approach to overcome anti estrogenic resistance
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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