21 research outputs found
ANTINOMY OF THE MODERN AVERAGE PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
Get PDFIntroduction. Successful upgrade of the secondary professionaleducation (SPE) has a key value for innovative development of domestic economy. First of all, the solution of a task of creation of high-technology workplaces and development of labour productivity has a key role. However, the process of reforming of SPE, which dragged on for many years, is followed by the internal and external contradictions which are slowing down an inflow of necessary skilled personnel on the labor market.The aim of the present article consists in drawing attention to the collected problems and contradictions in the system of SPE which are in many respects caused by inconsistency in rule-making and legislative activity of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, special-purpose committees of the State Duma of Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in education.Methods. The research is based on the analysis of normative and program documents in the field of SPE, realization of competence-based approach in practice of activity of establishments of professional education.Results and scientific novelty consist in identification and designation of the obvious and hidden antinomy existing in the SPE system now. The reasons for the late reaction of system of training of personnel to the transformations happening in economy are disclosed: discrepancy of training programs to requirements of employers; unsatisfactory quality of training of graduates; fall of prestige of working professions and specialties among youth; the broken ratio in a life-long education chain «a worker – a technician – an engineer»; reduction of the staff of masters of professional training; disinterest of employers in the joint SPE problem resolution (in cooperation with pedagogical community); excessively fractional specialization of professions of workers in available occupational classifications, etc. The designated problems enable to begin a search of ways of their decision and options of the valid upgrade of the SPE system answering to the requirements of economy. The inefficiency of the concept of one-leveled SPE and its non-competitiveness against the background of development of an applied bachelor degree at the higher school is shown. It is offered to differentiate programs of basic level for training of skilled workers and the program of the increased level for training of specialists of an average link (technicians, technologists) on the basis of basic level for forming of a single system of continuous professional training and effective functioning of regional systems of professional education. Such system will help to eliminate disproportions in a triad «a worker – a technician – an engineer», and will increase the quality of professional education. Furthermore, it is indicated the need of polyprofessional education wherein the integrated educational structures differing in degree of formation of split-level educational institutions on the basis of network interaction, convergence and integration are required. According to the author, in the regions it is necessary to develop two types of organizations and SPE organizations: territorial multi-profile colleges with flexible variable programs and the organizations realizing educational programs of applied qualifications in specific industries (metallurgical, chemical, construction, etc.) according to the specifics of economy of territorial subjects.Practical significance. The results of the research can be useful to specialists of management of education, heads and pedagogical staff of SPE institutions, and also representatives of regional administrations and employers while organizing the multilevel network system of training of skilled workers and experts of middle ranking
Vocational Teacher Training: Problems and Trends
No full textThe article is devoted to framing in pedagogical research. The frame is viewed as a hierarchy, which combines all the aspects of the phenomenon in question. Author compares the frame and supporting outline and shows the advantages of the former due to its semantic capacity and stereotype. The mechanism of frame alignment is reviewed as a combination of bridging, amplification, extension, transformation.В статье обозначены проблемы и тенденции подготовки и развития педагога профессионального обучения в условиях модернизации и регионализации образования. Подчеркивается взаимозависимость изменений в экономике, производстве и образовании, а также необходимость их учета в практической подготовке педагогов профессионального обучения
Vocational Teacher Training: Problems and Trends
No full textThe article is devoted to framing in pedagogical research. The frame is viewed as a hierarchy, which combines all the aspects of the phenomenon in question. Author compares the frame and supporting outline and shows the advantages of the former due to its semantic capacity and stereotype. The mechanism of frame alignment is reviewed as a combination of bridging, amplification, extension, transformation.В статье обозначены проблемы и тенденции подготовки и развития педагога профессионального обучения в условиях модернизации и регионализации образования. Подчеркивается взаимозависимость изменений в экономике, производстве и образовании, а также необходимость их учета в практической подготовке педагогов профессионального обучения
SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION: CONTENT AND IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES
Get PDFArticle retractedThe aim of the investigation is to consider the issues of constitutionally guaranteed type of education on the basis of the analysis of modern normative documents in the field of secondary vocational education and the existing practice of functioning of such institutions. Scientific novelty and results. The level approach to realization of the principle of professionalizing of youth, and creation of the system of continuous professional education meeting requirements of regional economy are proved. In the conditions of development of an applied bachelor degree at the higher school establishments of secondary professional education there is the need to occupy the niche in reproduction of qualified personnel, to begin the effective link connecting the general and higher education, and to promote really realization of the principle of professionalizing of youth. According to the author, it is possible to organize the educational process in establishments of secondary professional education on the step-level basis allowing to master consistently in the course of training hierarchical educational tasks (stereotypic, diagnostic, creative) and the corresponding common cultural, all-professional, professional competences. Levels and principles of content formation of the secondary vocational education are revealed, allowing within the constraints of the concept «from technology to a profession» to build various educational trajectories in regional systems of continuing education. Prospects of development of the secondary vocational education are designated. Practical significance. Secondary vocational education with the status of a profile direction in system of continuous formation and working out of its maintenance according to certain levels, each of which contains invariant and variablebased parts, will promote the efficiency of the professionalization process of the oncoming generation and will strengthen interrelation of the general and a vocational school, and also will provide the constitutional guarantees to citizens
DUAL TRAINING IN RUSSIA: FROM THE CONCEPT TO PRACTICE
Get PDFThe purpose of the present article is to judge and justify the conditions of system elements application of dual training at implementation of programs of professional education for increase of efficiency of functioning and quality of preparation of qualified personnel by institutions of the secondary professional education (SPE). Methods. The methods used in work involve the comparative analysis of practice of application of dual training in system of professional education of Germany and regions of Russia for the purpose of identification of the existing problems and definition of optimum organizational and legal and didactic conditions. Results. The essence of system of dual training, its strong and weaknesses reveals. Necessary and indispensable conditions of application of dual training in modern regional systems of professional education are proved. Scientific novelty. According to the author, modern publications on problems and ways of development of professional education in Russia contain enough antinomy of standard and legal and organizational and administrative character. In particular, operating by the concept «dual education», an identification of the practice-focused and dual training introduction «the list 50 of the most demanded in labor market, the new and perspective professions that demand secondary professional education» as opposed to the existing list of professions and the constitutional guarantee of public and free secondary professional education. Standard and legal, and didactic conditions of application of elements of dual training in regional systems of professional education are proved theoretically. Practical significance. Implementation of the research outcomes can be useful to pedagogical staff of institutions of secondary professional education, representatives of employers and Chambers of Commerce and Industry to the organization and use of system of dual training in training of skilled workers (serving) and experts of middle ranking
Secondary Vocational Education: Content and Implementation Issues
Get PDFThe aim of the investigation is to consider the issues of constitutionally guaranteed type of education on the basis of the analysis of modern normative documents in the field of secondary vocational education and the existing practice of functioning of such institutions. Scientific novelty and results. The level approach to realization of the principle of professionalizing of youth, and creation of the system of continuous professional education meeting requirements of regional economy are proved. In the conditions of development of an applied bachelor degree at the higher school establishments of secondary professional education there is the need to occupy the niche in reproduction of qualified personnel, to begin the effective link connecting the general and higher education, and to promote really realization of the principle of professionalizing of youth. According to the author, it is possible to organize the educational process in establishments of secondary professional education on the step-level basis allowing to master consistently in the course of training hierarchical educational tasks (stereotypic, diagnostic, creative) and the corresponding common cultural, all-professional, professional competences. Levels and principles of content formation of the secondary vocational education are revealed, allowing within the constraints of the concept «from technology to a profession» to build various educational trajectories in regional systems of continuing education. Prospects of development of the secondary vocational education are designated. Practical significance. Secondary vocational education with the status of a profile direction in system of continuous formation and working out of its maintenance according to certain levels, each of which contains invariant and variablebased parts, will promote the efficiency of the professionalization process of the oncoming generation and will strengthen interrelation of the general and a vocational school, and also will provide the constitutional guarantees to citizens Цель статьи – на основе анализа современных нормативных документов в области среднего профессионального образования (СПО) и существующей практики функционирования учебных учреждений этого уровня рассмотреть проблемы данного конституционно гарантированного вида образования. Научная новизна и результаты исследования. Обоснован отвечающий потребностям региональной экономики уровневый подход к реализации концепции профессионализации молодежи «от технологии к профессии» и созданию системы непрерывного профессионального образования. В условиях появления прикладного бакалавриата в высшей школе учреждениям СПО необходимо занять свою нишу в воспроизводстве квалифицированных кадров, стать действенным звеном, соединяющим общее и высшее образование. По мнению автора, решению этой задачи более всего соответствует организация образовательного процесса в учреждениях СПО на ступенчатой, уровневой основе, позволяющей последовательно осваивать требующиеся общекультурные, общепрофессиональные, профессиональные компетенции и учебные стереотипные, диагностические, творческие задачи по мере их усложнения. Выявлены уровни и принципы формирования содержания СПО, позволяющие в рамках концепции «от технологии к профессии» выстраивать различные образовательные траектории в региональных системах непрерывного образования. Обозначены перспективы развития СПО. Практическая значимость. Закрепление за СПО статуса профильного направления в системе непрерывного образования и разработка его содержания согласно определенным уровням, каждый из которых содержит инвариантную и вариативную части, будет способствовать эффективности процесса профессионализации подрастающего поколения и усилит взаимосвязь общей и профессиональной школы, а также обеспечит конституционные гарантии гражданам
SECONDARY PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION: ORGANIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
No full textPurpose: The paper considers possible ways of organizing a regional system of continuing education based on the experience analysis of vocational institutions in the Vologda region.Results: Implementation of the lifelong learning paradigm calls for changing the status, structure and content of secondary vocational education, given the innovative growth of domestic economy. However, the previous positive experience in vocational training should be preserved and transformed according to the current demands.Scientific novelty: The research findings include the main formation concepts of continuing education system implying the integration of professions and their groups in particular industries, diversification and differentiation of educational process.Practical significance: The recommended model of vocational training, based on the wide integration of group-generating professions, is relevant in the situation of decreasing demand for workforce reproduction and ever changing list of required professions. The given model meets the demands for secondary vocational education in terms of flexibility, dynamics, differentiation and individualization of education
ANTINOMY OF THE MODERN AVERAGE PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
No full textIntroduction. Successful upgrade of the secondary professionaleducation (SPE) has a key value for innovative development of domestic economy. First of all, the solution of a task of creation of high-technology workplaces and development of labour productivity has a key role. However, the process of reforming of SPE, which dragged on for many years, is followed by the internal and external contradictions which are slowing down an inflow of necessary skilled personnel on the labor market. The aim of the present article consists in drawing attention to the collected problems and contradictions in the system of SPE which are in many respects caused by inconsistency in rule-making and legislative activity of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, special-purpose committees of the State Duma of Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in education. Methods. The research is based on the analysis of normative and program documents in the field of SPE, realization of competence-based approach in practice of activity of establishments of professional education. Results and scientific novelty consist in identification and designation of the obvious and hidden antinomy existing in the SPE system now. The reasons for the late reaction of system of training of personnel to the transformations happening in economy are disclosed: discrepancy of training programs to requirements of employers; unsatisfactory quality of training of graduates; fall of prestige of working professions and specialties among youth; the broken ratio in a life-long education chain «a worker – a technician – an engineer»; reduction of the staff of masters of professional training; disinterest of employers in the joint SPE problem resolution (in cooperation with pedagogical community); excessively fractional specialization of professions of workers in available occupational classifications, etc. The designated problems enable to begin a search of ways of their decision and options of the valid upgrade of the SPE system answering to the requirements of economy. The inefficiency of the concept of one-leveled SPE and its non-competitiveness against the background of development of an applied bachelor degree at the higher school is shown. It is offered to differentiate programs of basic level for training of skilled workers and the program of the increased level for training of specialists of an average link (technicians, technologists) on the basis of basic level for forming of a single system of continuous professional training and effective functioning of regional systems of professional education. Such system will help to eliminate disproportions in a triad «a worker – a technician – an engineer», and will increase the quality of professional education. Furthermore, it is indicated the need of polyprofessional education wherein the integrated educational structures differing in degree of formation of split-level educational institutions on the basis of network interaction, convergence and integration are required. According to the author, in the regions it is necessary to develop two types of organizations and SPE organizations: territorial multi-profile colleges with flexible variable programs and the organizations realizing educational programs of applied qualifications in specific industries (metallurgical, chemical, construction, etc.) according to the specifics of economy of territorial subjects. Practical significance. The results of the research can be useful to specialists of management of education, heads and pedagogical staff of SPE institutions, and also representatives of regional administrations and employers while organizing the multilevel network system of training of skilled workers and experts of middle ranking.Введение. Успешная модернизация среднего профессионального образования (СПО) имеет ключевое значение для инновационного развития отечественной экономики – прежде всего, для решения задачи создания высокотехнологичных рабочих мест и повышения производительности труда. Однако процесс реформирования СПО, затянувшийся на много лет, сопровождается внутренними и внешними противоречиями, тормозящими приток необходимых квалифицированных рабочих кадров на рынок труда. Цель статьи состоит в привлечении внимания к накопившимся проблемам в системе СПО, которые во многом обусловлены несогласованностью нормотворческой и законодательной деятельности Министерства образования и науки РФ, профильных комитетов Государственной Думы и Федерального Собрания РФ.Методология. Исследование, изложенное в публикации, основано на комплексном анализе нормативных и программных документов в области среднего профессионального образования и анализе реализации компетентностного подхода в практике учреждений профессионального образования.Результаты и научная новизна исследования заключаются в выявлении и обозначении явных и скрытых антиномий, существующих в системе СПО в настоящее время. Показаны причины запаздывающей реакции системы подготовки рабочих кадров на происходящие в экономике преобразования: несоответствие учебных программ требованиям работодателей, неудовлетворительное качество подготовки выпускников, падение престижа рабочих профессий и специальностей среди молодежи, нарушенное соотношение в цепочке непрерывного образования «рабочий – техник – инженер», сокращение штата мастеров профессионального обучения, незаинтересованность работодателей в совместном с пеагогическим сообществом решении проблем СПО, чрезмерно дробная специализация профессий рабочих в имеющихся классификаторах и др. Обозначенные проблемы задают вектор поиска путей их решения и вариантов действительной модернизации системы СПО, отвечающей потребностям экономики. Показана несостоятельность концепции одноуровневого СПО и ее неконкурентоспособность на фоне развития прикладного бакалавриата в высшей школе. Для формирования единой системы непрерывного профессионального обучения и эффективного функционирования региональных систем профессионального образования предлагается дифференцировать программы базового уровня для обучения квалифицированных рабочих и программы повышенного уровня для подготовки специалистов среднего звена (техников, технологов) на основе базового уровня. Такая система поможет устранить диспропорции в триаде «рабочий – техник – инженер» и повысит качество профессионального образования. Кроме того, указывается на необходимость полипрофессионального образования, для которого требуются укрупненные образовательные структуры, различающиеся степенью объединения разноуровневых учебных заведений на основе сетевого взаимодействия, конвергенции и интеграции. По мнению автора, в регионах следует развивать два типа учреждений и организаций СПО: территориальные многопрофильные колледжи с гибкими вариативными программами и учреждения, реализующие образовательные программы прикладных квалификаций в конкретных отраслях (металлургической, химической, строительной и т. д.) в соответствии со спецификой экономики территориальных субъектов. Практическая значимость. Результаты исследования могут быть полезны специалистам управления образованием, руководителям и педагогическим коллективам учреждений СПО, а также представителям региональных администраций и работодателям при организации многоуровневой сетевой системы подготовки квалифицированных рабочих и специалистов среднего звена
Dual training in Russia: from the concept to practice
No full textThe purpose of the present article is to judge and justify the conditions of system elements application of dual training at implementation of programs of professional education for increase of efficiency of functioning and quality of preparation of qualified personnel by institutions of the secondary professional education (SPE). Methods. The methods used in work involve the comparative analysis of practice of application of dual training in system of professional education of Germany and regions of Russia for the purpose of identification of the existing problems and definition of optimum organizational and legal and didactic conditions. Results. The essence of system of dual training, its strong and weaknesses reveals. Necessary and indispensable conditions of application of dual training in modern regional systems of professional education are proved. Scientific novelty. According to the author, modern publications on problems and ways of development of professional education in Russia contain enough antinomy of standard and legal and organizational and administrative character. In particular, operating by the concept «dual education», an identification of the practice-focused and dual training introduction «the list 50 of the most demanded in labor market, the new and perspective professions that demand secondary professional education» as opposed to the existing list of professions and the constitutional guarantee of public and free secondary professional education. Standard and legal, and didactic conditions of application of elements of dual training in regional systems of professional education are proved theoretically. Practical significance. Implementation of the research outcomes can be useful to pedagogical staff of institutions of secondary professional education, representatives of employers and Chambers of Commerce and Industry to the organization and use of system of dual training in training of skilled workers (serving) and experts of middle ranking. Цель настоящей статьи – осмысление и обоснование условий применения элементов системы дуального обучения при реализации программ профессионального образования для повышения эффективности функционирования и качества подготовки квалифицированных кадров в учреждениях среднего профессионального образования (СПО). Методы, использованные в работе, – сравнительный анализ практики дуального обучения в системе профессионального образования Германии и России с целью выявления существующих проблем и определения оптимальных организационно-правовых и дидактических условий. Результаты. Раскрыты сущность системы дуального обучения, ее сильные и слабые стороны. Выявлены необходимые и обязательные условия применения дуального обучения в современных региональных системах профессионального образования. Научная новизна. По мнению автора, в современных публикациях о проблемах и путях развития профессионального образования в России содержится достаточно антиномий нормативно-правового и организационно-управленческого характера. В частности, оперирование понятием «дуальное образование», отождествление практико-ориентированного и дуального обучения, введение «списка 50 наиболее востребованных на рынке труда, новых и перспективных профессий, требующих среднего профессионального образования» в противовес существующему перечню профессий и конституционной гарантии общедоступного и бесплатного среднего профессионального образования. В статье теоретически обосновываются нормативно-правовые и дидактические условия применения элементов дуального обучения в региональных системах профессионального образования. Практическая значимость. Результаты исследований могут быть полезны педагогическим коллективам учреждений СПО, представителям работодателей и торгово-промышленных палат при организации и применении системы дуального обучения в подготовке квалифицированных рабочих (служащих) и специалистов среднего звен
Secondary Vocational Education: Content and Implementation Issues
No full textThe aim of the investigation is to consider the issues of constitutionally guaranteed type of education on the basis of the analysis of modern normative documents in the field of secondary vocational education and the existing practice of functioning of such institutions. Scientific novelty and results. The level approach to realization of the principle of professionalizing of youth, and creation of the system of continuous professional education meeting requirements of regional economy are proved. In the conditions of development of an applied bachelor degree at the higher school establishments of secondary professional education there is the need to occupy the niche in reproduction of qualified personnel, to begin the effective link connecting the general and higher education, and to promote really realization of the principle of professionalizing of youth. According to the author, it is possible to organize the educational process in establishments of secondary professional education on the step-level basis allowing to master consistently in the course of training hierarchical educational tasks (stereotypic, diagnostic, creative) and the corresponding common cultural, all-professional, professional competences. Levels and principles of content formation of the secondary vocational education are revealed, allowing within the constraints of the concept «from technology to a profession» to build various educational trajectories in regional systems of continuing education. Prospects of development of the secondary vocational education are designated. Practical significance. Secondary vocational education with the status of a profile direction in system of continuous formation and working out of its maintenance according to certain levels, each of which contains invariant and variablebased parts, will promote the efficiency of the professionalization process of the oncoming generation and will strengthen interrelation of the general and a vocational school, and also will provide the constitutional guarantees to citizens Цель статьи – на основе анализа современных нормативных документов в области среднего профессионального образования (СПО) и существующей практики функционирования учебных учреждений этого уровня рассмотреть проблемы данного конституционно гарантированного вида образования. Научная новизна и результаты исследования. Обоснован отвечающий потребностям региональной экономики уровневый подход к реализации концепции профессионализации молодежи «от технологии к профессии» и созданию системы непрерывного профессионального образования. В условиях появления прикладного бакалавриата в высшей школе учреждениям СПО необходимо занять свою нишу в воспроизводстве квалифицированных кадров, стать действенным звеном, соединяющим общее и высшее образование. По мнению автора, решению этой задачи более всего соответствует организация образовательного процесса в учреждениях СПО на ступенчатой, уровневой основе, позволяющей последовательно осваивать требующиеся общекультурные, общепрофессиональные, профессиональные компетенции и учебные стереотипные, диагностические, творческие задачи по мере их усложнения. Выявлены уровни и принципы формирования содержания СПО, позволяющие в рамках концепции «от технологии к профессии» выстраивать различные образовательные траектории в региональных системах непрерывного образования. Обозначены перспективы развития СПО. Практическая значимость. Закрепление за СПО статуса профильного направления в системе непрерывного образования и разработка его содержания согласно определенным уровням, каждый из которых содержит инвариантную и вариативную части, будет способствовать эффективности процесса профессионализации подрастающего поколения и усилит взаимосвязь общей и профессиональной школы, а также обеспечит конституционные гарантии гражданам
