4,260 research outputs found
4th industrial revolution in solid waste management sector
No full textDevelopment and growth of society entails growth of demand in resources. Current system determining the life lifecycle of products from raw materials to wastes proved to be inefficient in a long-term perspective. Sustainable development is not achievable, as present paradigm neither able to equally provide exponentially growing population with goods, nor manage waste generated from production of those goods. Taking into account, how inefficiency of resource management affects ecological situation, it becomes apparent that there is an inevitable need in taking action. Certain modern technologies like Big Data, IoT or Artificial Neural Networks have great potential to change the situation for better. Integrated usage of such technologies is considered as new industrial revolution. Fourth industrial revolution might be the lifebuoy for humanity sinking in the ocean of its own waste.
This paper is aimed to emphasize the importance of fourth industrial revolution and particularly its implementation in solid waste management. Key components of fourth industrial revolution will be studied by focusing on their technology and range of application. Also, case studies with applications of those technologies in different areas of solid waste management sector will be reviewed, to evaluate benefits from implementing fourth industrial revolution
A New Sensitive Detection Scheme for Helium Nanodroplet Isolation Spectroscopy: Application to Benzene
No full textA new method is presented for recording excitation spectra of molecules embedded in helium nanodroplets. The method relies on the complete evaporation of the droplets following excitation of an dissolved molecule and the subsequent detection of the remaining unsolvated molecule by mass spectrometry. The technique has been successfully applied to record the S1 1B2u ← S0 1A1g transition in benzene. The transition frequencies determined by this new method, beam depletion spectroscopy and REMPI spectroscopy have been found to differ slightly from each other. It is argued that these differences in transition frequency are related to the different droplet sizes probed by the spectroscopic techniques.LCP
Guardians of the Irbis, Our Beloved Snow Leopard
No full textThis Viewpoint traces the scientific and cultural contribution of Oleg and Irina Loginov to the protection of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia), a rare species showing the fragile balance of Kazakhstan’s mountain ecosystems. Their lifelong work demonstrates how conservation can be both a scientific and artistic mission, expressed through education, photography, and literature. By integrating field observation, creative expression, and community awareness, the Loginovs have brought together ecological research and public understanding. Conservation of a rare cat species means safeguarding a shared heritage of biodiversity, memory, and national identity
CMV-, EBV-, and HHV-6-DNAemia after liver transplantation
No full textViral infections caused by herpesviruses are common complications after organ transplantation and they are associated with substantial morbidity and even mortality. Herpesviruses remain in a latent state in a host after primary infection and may reactivate later. CMV infection is the most important viral infection after liver transplantation. Less is known about the significance of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6). EBV is believed to play a major role in the development of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD).
The aim of this study was to investigate the CMV-, EBV- and HHV-6 DNAemia after liver transplantation by frequent monitoring of adult liver transplant patients. The presence of CMV, EBV and HHV-6 DNA were demonstrated by in situ hybridization assays and by real-time PCR methods from peripheral blood specimens. CMV and HHV-6 antigens were demonstrated by antigenemia assays and compared to the viral DNAemia. The response to antiviral therapy was also investigated.
CMV-DNAemia appeared earlier than CMV pp65-antigenemia after liver transplantation. CMV infections were treated with ganciclovir. However, most of the treated patients demonstrated persistence of CMV-DNA for up to several months. Continuous CMV-DNA expression of peripheral blood leukocytes showed that the virus is not eliminated by ganciclovir and recurrences can be expected during several months after liver transplantation.
HHV-6 DNAemia / antigenemia was common and occurred usually within the first three months after liver transplantation together with CMV. The HHV-6 DNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlated well with HHV-6 antigenemia. Antiviral treatment significantly decreased the number of HHV-6 DNA positive cells, demonstrating the response to ganciclovir treatment.
Clinically silent EBV reactivations with low viral loads were relatively common after liver transplantation. These EBV-DNAemias usually appeared within the first three months after liver transplantation together with betaherpesviruses (CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7). One patient developed high EBV viral loads and developed PTLD. These results indicate that frequent monitoring of EBV-DNA levels can be useful to detect liver transplant patients at risk of developing PTLD.Herpesvirusinfektiot aiheuttavat merkittäviä komplikaatioita ja jopa kuolleisuutta elinsiirtopotilailla. Herpesviruksille tyypillinen piirre on, että ne jäävät primaari-infektion jälkeen elimistöön piilevinä ja reaktivoituvat myöhemmin. Sytomegalovirus (CMV) infektio on kliinisesti tärkein maksansiirron jälkeen esiintyvä virusinfektio. Vähemmän tiedetään human herpesvirus-6:n (HHV-6) uusintainfektioista ja niiden merkityksestä elinsiirtojen jälkeen. Epstein-Barrin virus (EBV) voi aiheuttaa siirron jälkeisen lymfoproliferatiivisen tilan (PTLD).
Tämän väitöskirjatutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia CMV-, EBV- ja HHV-6- DNA:n esiintymistä potilaan perifeerisessä veressä maksansiirron jälkeen. Tutkimuksen aineisto koostui aikuisista maksansiirtopotilaista, joita monitoroitiin säännöllisesti näiden virusten suhteen. CMV-, HHV-6- ja EBV- DNA osoitettiin in situ hybridisaatio-tekniikoiden ja reaaliaikaisten PCR-menetelmien avulla. CMV- ja HHV-6- antigeenit osoitettiin immunohistokemiallisin värjäyksin veren soluista ja antigenemiaa verrattiin viruksen DNAemiaan. Samalla tutkittiin myös viruslääkityksen tehoa.
CMV DNA:n todettiin ilmaantuvan selvästi ennen CMV- pp65 antigeenia. Maksansiirtopotilaiden CMV infektiot hoidettiin gansikloviirillä. Kuitenkin useimmilla hoidetuilla potilailla CMV DNA:ta esiintyi perifeerisen veren soluissa jopa useita kuukausia. Jatkuva CMV-DNA ekspressio osoittaa, ettei virusta kyetä kokonaan eliminoimaan viruslääkkeellä ja näin uusintainfektiot ovat mahdollisia ensimmäisten kuukausien aikana maksansiirron jälkeen.
HHV-6-DNA:ta /antigenemiaa esiintyi yleisesti maksansiirtopotilailla ensimmäisen kolmen kuukauden aikana maksansiirron jälkeen ja usein samanaikaisesti CMV infektion kanssa. Kun HHV-6 DNA osoitettiin maksansiirtopotilaiden perifeerisen veren mononukleaarisista soluista in situ-hybridisaation avulla, todettiin sen korreloivan hyvin HHV-6 antigenemiaan. Gansikloviiri hoidon todettiin laskevan merkitsevästi HHV-6 DNA-positiivisten solujen määrää näiden potilaiden veressä. Gansikloviiri hoidolla on täten mahdollisesti tehoa myös HHV-6 infektioon.
EBV reaktivaatiot olivat melko yleisiä maksansiirron jälkeen. Nämä olivat EBV-DNAemia tasoltaan matalia ja esiintyivät yleensä ensimmäisen kolmen kuukauden aikana maksansiirron jälkeen yhdessä muiden herpesvirusten kanssa (CMV, HHV-6 ja HHV-7). Yhdellä potilaalla todettiin maksansiirron jälkeen korkeatasoinen EBV-DNAemia ja hänelle kehittyi PTLD. Säännöllinen EBV-DNA tasojen seuranta auttaa havaitsemaan ne potilaat, joille on vaarana kehittyä PTLD.ei saavutettav
Spectroscopy on Rydberg States of Sodium Atoms on the Surface of Helium Nanodroplets
No full textOne- and two-photon excitation spectra of sodium atoms on the surface of helium droplets are reported. The spectra are recorded by monitoring the photoionization yield of desorbed atoms as function of excitation frequency. The excitation spectra involving states with principal quantum number up to n = 6 can be reproduced by a pseudodiatomic model where the helium droplet is treated as a single atom. For the lowest excited states of sodium, the effective interaction potentials for this system can be approximated by the sum of NaHe pair potentials. For the higher excited states, the interaction of the sodium valence electron with the helium induces significant configuration mixing, leading to a failure of this approach. For these states, effective interaction potentials based on a perturbative treatment of the interactions between the valence electron, the alkali positive core, and the helium, as described in detail in the accompanying publication, yield excellent agreement with experiment
Iron- and ruthenium-containing triple-decker complexes with a central pentaphospholyl ligand - X-ray structures of [(η-C5H5)Fe(μ-η: η-P5)Ru(η-C5Me5)]PF6 and [(η-C5Me5)Ru(μ-η: η-P5)Ru(η-C5Me5)]PF6
No full textTriple-decker cationic complexes with a central pentaphospholyl (pentaphosphacyclopentadienyl) ligand [Cp*M(μ-η:η-P5)M′ (η-C5R5)]+ (3b: M = M′= Fe, R = Me; 4a: M = Ru, M′= Fe, R = H; 4b: M = Fe, M′= Ru, R = H; 4c: M = Fe, M′= Ru, R = Me; 5a: M = M′= Ru, R = H; 5b: M = M′= Ru, R = Me) were synthesized by exploitation of the stacking reactions of pentaphosphametallocenes Cp*M(η-P5) (1: M = Fe; 2: M = Ru) with half-sandwich fragments [(η-C5R5)M′]+. They were isolated as salts with BF4- or PF6- anions, and the structures of 4aPF6 and 5bPF6 were determined by X-ray diffraction. Triple-decker complexes with a central pentaphospholyl ligand are less reactive in nucleophilic degradation reactions than analogous complexes with C4Me4P and Cp* ligands in the bridging position. Only 4a and the previously known analogue 3a (M = M′ = Fe, R = H), containing the CpFe fragment, are nucleophilically destroyed by MeCN and Nal. The electrochemical properties of 2, 3a, 3b, 4a-c, 5a and 5b and the related cobalt-containing complexes [(η-C4Me4)Co([μ-η:η- P5)MCp*]+ (6: M = Fe; 7: M = Ru) were investigated. © Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002
Starting double- and triple-support pulls in mas-wrestling: skeletal muscle electrical activity rating EMG tests and analysis
No full textBackground. Success in the modern mas-wrestling sport competitions depends on the specific technical and tactical skills, with the starting
pulls generally classified into the triple- and double-support ones – that mean the preferred starting positions. The individual starting
preferences are believed to be dictated by the fine biomechanics, muscle group power and fitness and specific priority goals of every bout. It is
not unusual that an individual standard starting posture heavily contributes to the competitive success [1, 3, 6, 7].
The starting pull and potential immediate advantage it generates is secured by the lead muscle groups of the upper and lower limbs and trunk –
conditional on the perfect harmony and coordination of skeletal muscle efforts for the highest efficiency of the muscle contraction process [2,
3, 8]. It should be emphasized, however, that the sport is still in need of the key muscle group performance rating studies and analysis, with a
special priority to the starting triple- and double-support pull versions applied in mas-wrestling bouts.
Objective of the study was to run electromyographic (EMG) tests of the key muscle group electrical activity in the starting triple- and doublesupport pull versions with a comparative analysis.
Methods and structure of the study. We made, for the purposes of the study, EMG tests of the key muscle groups mobilized in the starting
triple- and double-support pull versions in the mas-wrestling bouts using a computerized EMG test system [4, 6, 5]. The muscle group
electrical activity was tested using a standard Muscle Lab system made by Ergotest Technology Co. The computerized test system of a modular
telemetric design may be configured and customized for specific research goals. The MuscleLab test system includes a 8-channel
electromyograph; a 1D/ 2D/ 3D goniometer module; dynamometric 2-channel module rated for 100kg, 300kg and 500kg maximums; a
connector port for the power platform; chronometric module with up to 8 optic couples; a contact mat for IR tests; biaxial accelerometer; and a
linear movement sensor with an inertial coil to fix positions and linear movement speeds. In practical EMG tests, we used disposable surface
electrodes fixed on skin 2cm afar. We tested the trunk/ lower limb muscle group electrical activity in the starting triple- and double-support pull
versions of the mas-wrestling bouts. More specifically, we tested the electrical activity of the trunk trapezius muscle, latissimus dorsi, and
lumbar extensor muscles; and the lower limb quadriceps, biceps and gastrocnemius.
Results and discussion. Given on Figure 1 hereunder are the starting triple- and double-support pull test data that made it possible to detect the
lead muscles in the movement sequence
A Run-Time Type-Checking Debugger for C
No full textThis document outlines progress to date on the run-time type-checking project funded in part by IBM. The project has been carried out during the last year by Alexey Loginov and Suan Yong, under the supervision of Professors Susan Horwitz and Thomas Reps
Starting double- and triple-support pulls in mas-wrestling: skeletal muscle electrical activity rating EMG tests and analysis
No full textBackground. Success in the modern mas-wrestling sport competitions depends on the specific technical and tactical skills, with the starting
pulls generally classified into the triple- and double-support ones – that mean the preferred starting positions. The individual starting
preferences are believed to be dictated by the fine biomechanics, muscle group power and fitness and specific priority goals of every bout. It is
not unusual that an individual standard starting posture heavily contributes to the competitive success [1, 3, 6, 7].
The starting pull and potential immediate advantage it generates is secured by the lead muscle groups of the upper and lower limbs and trunk –
conditional on the perfect harmony and coordination of skeletal muscle efforts for the highest efficiency of the muscle contraction process [2,
3, 8]. It should be emphasized, however, that the sport is still in need of the key muscle group performance rating studies and analysis, with a
special priority to the starting triple- and double-support pull versions applied in mas-wrestling bouts.
Objective of the study was to run electromyographic (EMG) tests of the key muscle group electrical activity in the starting triple- and doublesupport pull versions with a comparative analysis.
Methods and structure of the study. We made, for the purposes of the study, EMG tests of the key muscle groups mobilized in the starting
triple- and double-support pull versions in the mas-wrestling bouts using a computerized EMG test system [4, 6, 5]. The muscle group
electrical activity was tested using a standard Muscle Lab system made by Ergotest Technology Co. The computerized test system of a modular
telemetric design may be configured and customized for specific research goals. The MuscleLab test system includes a 8-channel
electromyograph; a 1D/ 2D/ 3D goniometer module; dynamometric 2-channel module rated for 100kg, 300kg and 500kg maximums; a
connector port for the power platform; chronometric module with up to 8 optic couples; a contact mat for IR tests; biaxial accelerometer; and a
linear movement sensor with an inertial coil to fix positions and linear movement speeds. In practical EMG tests, we used disposable surface
electrodes fixed on skin 2cm afar. We tested the trunk/ lower limb muscle group electrical activity in the starting triple- and double-support pull
versions of the mas-wrestling bouts. More specifically, we tested the electrical activity of the trunk trapezius muscle, latissimus dorsi, and
lumbar extensor muscles; and the lower limb quadriceps, biceps and gastrocnemius.
Results and discussion. Given on Figure 1 hereunder are the starting triple- and double-support pull test data that made it possible to detect the
lead muscles in the movement sequence
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