12 research outputs found
Book publishing and local government: the history of relations between publishers and regional administrations in Siberia and the Far East in the 90-ies of XX – 10-s of XXIst century
No full textThe article summarizes the historical experience on support of the Siberian and Far Eastern regional book publishing by regional and national republican authorities and management in the late twentieth – early twenty-first century. During 25 years regional administrations have passed a long way from unskillful attempts to copy the support measures practiced at the Federal center, from the single support of individual publications to an elaborate system of assistance for authors and publishers producing socially demanded books, mainly of local and regional content. The author considers the historical evolution of this process – development of management decisions on financing local publishing proposals aimed at strengthening the cultural, scientific and creative potential of the regions in the East of Russia. The classification, characteristics and evaluation of each of the forms for publishing support used in the regional practice are given. The author has come to conclusion that the best examples of publishing projects effective assistance are the activity of Omsk region and Krasnoyarsk Krai administrations. The former has the support model, in which distribution of funds is based on the publishing program of the regional Ministry of culture. In the latter the funds are allocated in the form of social grants to the regional winners of the annual contest “Book Krasnoyare”, that is fixed in its regional legislation as the protected item of expenditure. It is stated that not all administrations in the regions of Siberia and the Far East are concerned about the development of local publishing. In many regions the forms and level of support for the publishing environment do not meet the needs of society, remain unchanged since the end of the twentieth century
Committee for Assistance to Scientists under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR as an Instrument for Managing the Soviet Scientific Community in 1931-1937
No full textThe article is devoted to the historical trajectory of the Committee for the Assistance to Scientists (CAS) under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR, which existed in 1931-1937. It is reported that the CAS replaced the Central Committee for the Improvement of the Welfare of Scientists (CCIWS), which had operated under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR since 1921. It describes the functions that were inherited by the CAS from the predecessor organization, and the new powers acquired by it. The author examines in detail the traditional areas of CAS activities inherited from Central Committee for the Improvement of Welfare of Scientists (CCIWS): food and commodity supply of the higher social group of the Soviet scientific intellectuals, elite housing construction for this category of scientists, the organization of medical and sanatorium-resort services for scientists, and their corporate leisure activities. It is emphasized that CAS was an organization for the Soviet scientific elite (1,500-2,000 people). It was shown that the selection of scientific workers was based on the nomenclature-official approach and formal signs of scientific achievements (leadership position, membership in the USSR Academy of Sciences and the academies of the Union republics, etc.). It is noted that the activities of the Committee were organized for the purposeful ideological subordination of a significant part of the scientific intellectuals in exchange for solving a set of its financial, welfare and professional problems
Soviet Scientific Elite of the 1930s under the Patronage of the Commission for the Promotion of Scientists under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR: Life, Health, International Book Relations (1934-1937)
No full textThe article is devoted to the history of the Commission for the Promotion of Scientists (CPS) under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, which existed in 1931-1937. It is reported that the CPS replaced the Central Commission for the Improvement of the Life of Scientists (CCILS), which had operated under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR since 1921. It is shown that in the first years of its existence, the Commission continued the traditional directions of state supervision over the material, logistic, housing, and leisure aspects of the life of Soviet scientists (which was typical for CCILS), and then, from the mid-1930s, the Commission acquired new functions and strengthened some of the previous areas of activity that have become more in demand among scientists. Among these areas, in particular, the propaganda of scientific achievements of the USSR, which had been updated by that time, the provision of scientists with foreign scientific literature, and the improvement of medical and health resort services for the highest stratum of the scientific intellectuals are mentioned. The author of the article claims that the Commission for the Promotion of Scientists was an effective tool for managing the Soviet scientific community from a totalitarian state. It is proved that in the 1930s it solved the problem of “buying” loyalty and devotional service of the top scientific intellectuals to the communist government in exchange for benefits, privileges and preferences
The History how State Scientific Library has Turned into Two State Public Scientific Technological Libraries: Chronical 1958
No full textThe article is a documentary essay on the last stage of activity of the State scientific library of the USSR Ministry of Higher Education in 1957–1958 and the creation on its basis in 1958 of two largest modern scientific libraries in Russia. They are the State public scientific technological library of the Siberian branch of the Russian academy of sciences in Novosibirsk and the State public scientific technological library in Moscow. (At that time they were the State public scientific technological library of the Siberian branch of the USSR academy of sciences the State public scientific technological library of the USSR.) It is shown what stages of preparation and the decision implementation has gone through and what obstacles it has faced. The further development of the two State public scientific technological libraries has brought them to the forefront of information and library activities and has shown the correctness of the decision made in 1958
Heresy in the Siberian way: publishing activities of non-traditional religions, sects, dogma in Siberia and the Far East (90s of the XX - 10s of the XXI centuries)
No full textSince the early 1990s non-traditional religions were widespread in Siberia and the Far East, and across Russia, among which there was a large number of totalitarian sects and destructive cults. The reason for the phenomenal success of previously unknown religious and occult teachings has been the spiritual vacuum that occurred in the country after the Communist ideology fall. Most of the new denominations launched in Russia publishing, which by the second decade of the XXI century was carried on by several dozen communal or sectarian publishers. In Siberia and the Far East the most active sects in publishing were the following: Protestant Church of Christ, Baha'i Faith followers, Krishna consciousness regional societies (in particular, the residents of Vladivostok), «Pleiadinas» sects («Ascended Masters» teachings). These sectarian creeds nave been brought into the country, however, and nowadays pseudo-religious cults are created in Russia, which carry a large destructive potential for the Russian society and its cultural traditions. They are Neo-pagans, the Marian center and a number of sects, whose activities began in Siberia: All-Russian movement «To God’s Rule!», The Church of the Last Testament of Vissarion Christ, etc. These cults had in Siberia and the Far East extensive publishing practices editing books, brochures, magazines, newspapers. «Pleiadinas» sect organized in Siberia edition of the monthly magazine «World Channeling» (Novokuznetsk), created two publishing houses: «Star of Freedom» (Novosibirsk) and «SiriuS» (Omsk). The Marian center used printing district offices of Kemerovo region for its production activity. Neo-pagans had publishing houses «Asgard’», «Arcor» and «Russian Truth» in Omsk. The article analyzes all these publishing organizations’ products. The ruinous effects of sectarian publishing activities distribution in the Russian regions is obvious. Its effect reduction will depend on the speed of eliminating the crisis in the spiritual sphere of our society.</jats:p
Государственная научно-техническая и экономическая библиотека Научно-технического отдела Высшего Совета народного хозяйства РСФСР: создание и начало деятельности (1918–1919 гг.)
No full textThe author reviews the history of Russian central sci-tech library in 1918-1919. During this period, the library was called The State Scientific Technical and Economic Library (SSTEL) and was part of the Sci-tech Department of the Supreme Council of National Economy of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Further, in 1927-1958, this largest library organization was called The State Scientific Library. It became the foundation to the Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology and State Public Scientific & Technological Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch.The author analyzes the pool of the government and departmental solutions that laid the basis for the Library; he also describes organization process, and reviews personal contributions of librarians to the initial library organization and collection development. He characterizes the first SSTEL leaders and librarians (M.L. Milshtein, Karl F. Gessel, Nikolay N. Orlov). In particular, he emphasizes the outstanding contribution by Nikolay P. Gorbunov (former assistant to Vladimir Lenin, later an academic).At the initial stages, two well-stocked public libraries were merged into SSTEL, namely the Society for Advancement of Experimental Sciences and Their Practical Applications named by H.S. Ledentsov (and its specialized library building) and Moscow Technical Library of the Polytechnic Society.The author concludes that the efforts of librarians and scholars in the Supreme Council of National Economy made it possible to establish the central national sci-tech library and get it off the ground during the hardest years of the Civil War.Статья представляет собой исторический очерк о создании и раннем периоде деятельности в 1918–1919 гг. центральной научно-технической библиотеки России. В изучаемое время она носила название Государственная научно-техническая и экономическая библиотека (ГНТиЭБ) и входила в состав Научно-технического отдела Высшего Совета народного хозяйства РСФСР (ВСНХ). В дальнейшем, с 1927 по 1958 г., это крупнейшее библиотечное учреждение именовалось Государственной научной библиотекой. Она положила начало современным ГПНТБ России и ГПНТБ СО РАН.В статье анализируется комплекс государственных и ведомственных решений, на основании которых была создана Библиотека, прослеживается сам процесс организации, освещается деятельность сотрудников ВСНХ, стоявших у истоков и собиравших её первоначальный фонд. Даются характеристики первым руководителям и работникам ГНТиЭБ (М.Л. Мильштейну, К.Ф. Гесселю, Н.Н. Орлову). Отмечается выдающийся вклад в устройство и налаживание работы Библиотеки бывшего секретаря В.И. Ленина Н.П. Горбунова (будущего советского академика).Уделяется внимание истории начального формирования книжных фондов ГНТиЭБ, включения в её состав двух хорошо укомплектованных общественных библиотек – Общества содействия успехам опытных наук и их практических применений им. Х.С. Леденцова (влившейся в структуру ГНТиЭБ вместе со специализированным библиотечным зданием) и Московской технической библиотеки, принадлежавшей Политехническому обществу.Делается вывод о том, что усилия библиотекарей и учёных ВСНХ позволили организовать и поставить на ноги в самые сложные годы Гражданской войны первую центральную государственную научно-техническую библиотеку страны
Political Activities of Major-General P. F. Ryabikov in Japan and China, 1920—1922
No full textThe historical-biographical sketch explores several episodes in the life and activities of a prominent Russian military leader, one of the founders of the intelligence service in the pre-revolutionary Russian army, Major General P. F. Ryabikov (1875-1932). Serving in the White Movement as the 2nd Chief of Staff Quartermaster of A. V. Kolchak’s staff, General P. F. Ryabikov acquired competencies as a curator of military propaganda and organizer of periodical publications, which he later successfully utilized as a leader in these areas of military-political activity within the White emigration in Japan and China. From July 1920 to September 1921, P. F. Ryabikov served in the mission of the Commander-in-Chief of all armed forces of the Russian Far Eastern Territory, Ataman G. M. Semenov, in Yokohama, where he was involved in establishing a network of correspondent-informants for this mission in European countries and the United States, receiving reports and messages about the state of these countries, as well as informing representatives of foreign states in line with the ideology of the Semenovites and publishing anti-Bolshevik literature. In October 1921, at the request of Ataman G. M. Semenov, P. F. Ryabikov transferred his activities to Shanghai, where he continued his assigned work with agent-informants and cooperation in the Russian emigrant press. Having no material and organizational support from G. M. Semenov, Ryabikov severed ties with him in February 1922 and embarked on a path of independent political and journalistic activities
On the 90th anniversary of SPSTL SB RAS State scientific library – the predecessor of SPSTL SB RAN: a brief historical essay (1918–1958)
No full textСтатья посвящена истории Государственной научной библиотеки (ГНБ), созданной в 1918 г. в Москве и преобразованной в 1958 г. в Государственную публичную научно-техническую библиотеку СО РАН – главную библиотеку современной Сибири. Показаны этапы развития ГНБ, ее основные достижения в довоенный и военный периоды. Анализируется деятельность руководителей библиотеки и ученых, внесших вклад в выполнение задачи ГНБ – библиотечно-библиографическое обслуживание науки и промышленности в эпоху индустриальной модернизации страны
From nihilism to social realism: fiction publishing in Siberia and the Far East in the pre-war decade (1931 – June, 1941)
No full textДва периода в развитии литературного движения – до и после постановления ЦК ВКП(б) в апреле 1932 г. о литературных организациях – определили соответственно два этапа в истории издания художественной литературы довоенными издательствами Сибири. На первом – выпускались почти исключительно политизированные произведения «рабочих писателей» местных отделений РАППа, допускалось нигилистическое отношение к творчеству старых «непролетарских» авторов. С 1933 г. возрождаются традиции издания книг наиболее известных сибирских писателей, прошедших литературную школу до революции и в годы нэпа. Появляются издания произведений классиков русской литературы и сибирского фольклора. Создается издательская среда для функционирования отделений созданного в 1934 г. Союза советских писателей
Библиотечная деятельность в системе Высшего совета народного хозяйства СССР: у истоков Государственной научной библиотеки (1918—1927 гг.)
No full textOne of the first large libraries, created in Russia after the 1917 revolution, was the State Scientific-Technical and Economic Library (SSTEL) of the Scientific and Technical Department of the Supreme Council of the National Economy of the RSFSR (from 1923 — of the USSR). The library was organized June 17, 1918. N.P. Gorbunov, the Chairman of the Collegium of the Scientific and Technical Department, took the most important part in its formation. By 1924, the library holdings consisted of 80 000 books, among which were the country’s only full sets of Russian and foreign journals, books on technology, engineering, exact and natural sciences. The richest acquisition of the State Scientific-Technical and Economic Library became the large library of the former Society for the Advancement of Experienced Sciences and their Practical Applications named after Kh.S. Ledentsov, housed in a specially equipped library building. The “Ledentsovskaya” library became the Central Department of SSTEL, and its location near five Moscow Universities made it the center of attraction for students-readers. The SSTEL success in 1922—1926 was associated with the active work of its Head, M.V. Panov, as well as the support of Academician V.N. Ipatyev, the Chairman of the Collegium of the Scientific and Technical Department of the Supreme Council of the National Economy.In 1923—1926 in the Supreme Council of the National Economy appeared and began to dominate another library center, the Central Library of the Supreme Council of National Economy, headed by the intellectual revolutionary L.A. Schlossberg. Having received its status of the main one in the system of the entire Supreme Economic Council, the Central Library, like SSTEL, absorbed many of the book collections, inherited from the abolished institutions of the tsarist time. September 13, 1927, on the basis of these two libraries, there was established the unified State Scientific Library of the Scientific and Technical Department of the Supreme Council of National Economy, which existed then, under the leadership of various People’s Commissariats and Ministries, until October 1958.Одной из первых крупных библиотек, созданных в России после революции 1917 г., являлась Государственная научно-техническая и экономическая библиотека (ГНТЭБ) Научно-технического отдела Высшего совета народного хозяйства (НТО ВСНХ) РСФСР (с 1923 г. — СССР). Библиотека была организована 17 июня 1918 г., ближайшее участие в ее формировании принимал председатель коллегии НТО Н.П. Горбунов. Пополняя книжный фонд рядом ценных личных библиотек ученых и библиотек закрытых учреждений, к 1924 г. она состояла из 80 тыс. книг, среди которых имелись единственные в стране полные комплекты русских и иностранных журналов, книги по технике, точным и естественным наукам. Богатейшим приобретением ГНТЭБ стала переданная ей большая библиотека бывшего «Леденцовского общества», помещавшаяся в специально оборудованном библиотечном здании, которая стала Центральным отделением ГНТЭБ, а нахождение вблизи нескольких московских вузов сделало ее центром притяжения читателей-студентов. Успехи ГНТЭБ в 1922—1926 гг. были связаны с активной работой ее заведующего М.В. Панова и поддержкой со стороны председателя коллегии НТО ВСНХ академика В.Н. Ипатьева.В 1923—1926 гг. в ВСНХ возник и возвысился другой библиотечный центр — Центральная библиотека ВСНХ, возглавляемая Л.А. Шлоссбергом. Получив статус главной в системе всего ВСНХ, ЦБ, как и ГНТЭБ, вобрала в себя множество книжных собраний, доставшихся от упраздненных учреждений царского времени. 13 сентября 1927 г. на базе этих двух библиотек была создана единая Государственная научная библиотека Научно-технического управления ВСНХ, существовавшая затем под руководством разных наркоматов и министерств до октября 1958 года
